research article
somayeh Bigghalejogh; shossein seyedi
Abstract
The concept of literariness and its components is one of the most contentious issues in the field of literary criticism, which has yet to submit a definitive and specific definition, despite the efforts of many critics and literati; Adonis, a prominent Arab theorist, and critic, is one of the few critics ...
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The concept of literariness and its components is one of the most contentious issues in the field of literary criticism, which has yet to submit a definitive and specific definition, despite the efforts of many critics and literati; Adonis, a prominent Arab theorist, and critic, is one of the few critics who has been able to propound new theories about literariness. His views in this field have gone beyond the limited definition of poetry and have entered a broader field, literary theory. Therefore, in the present article, using the descriptive-analytical method, we have studied the concept of literariness and its components, this time from Adonis's point of view. What emphasizes the need for such research is that finding Adonis's special view on the subject of literariness and its components paves the way for a more accurate understanding of his poetic theory and highlights his unique position as a literary theorist. Thus, the purpose of the authors in this study is to explain the concept of literariness from the perspective of Adonis and to achieve this, we first explained the concept of literariness and its most components based on the opinions of Arab and Western critics then, by comparing these foundations, with the literary theories of Adonis, we tried to reach his literariness views. The results of the research indicate that Adonis, in his theory of literariness, uses the word poetry as an equivalent for literariness, and, like Western and Arabic critics, he has used literariness as a theory for reflection in the aesthetic judgments of the text. In addition, from his point of view, the writing stage is like a link between the first stage (oral) and the third stage (literary modernity) , and poetry at this stage becomes an open structure with many views.
research article
زهرا احمدلو; ابوالفضل رضایی; Mohammad Ebrahim Khalife Shushtari
Abstract
سیبویه برای استحکام بخشی تحلیل‌های نحوی و وضع اصول نحوی از شواهد قرآنی بسیاری یاری گرفته است. این پژوهش به صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی به بررسی تحلیل شواهد قرآنی در باب (حذف) ...
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سیبویه برای استحکام بخشی تحلیل‌های نحوی و وضع اصول نحوی از شواهد قرآنی بسیاری یاری گرفته است. این پژوهش به صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی به بررسی تحلیل شواهد قرآنی در باب (حذف) در الکتاب می‌پردازد. سپس به صورت تطبیقی به بررسی میزان و چگونگی تاثیر تعلیل‌های سیبویه بر روی مفسرانی چون زجاج، زمخشری، طبرسی و فخرالدین رازی اشاره می‌شود. از جمله اهداف این پژوهش بیان میزان پذیرش یافته‌های نحوی سیبویه نسبت به شواهد قرآنی از جانب مفسران است. بررسی‌های انجام شده، نشان می‌دهد، این مفسران بزرگ، به طور مستقیم (با ذکر نام) یا به صورت غیر مستقیم از تعلیل‌های این دانشمند بزرگ نحوی بهره برده‌‌اند. در تاثیر پذیری غیر مستقیم در اکثر موارد به واسطه‌ی زجاج و یا زمخشری، دیدگاه سیبویه مورد پذیرش قرار گرفته است. از جمله نتایج این مقاله این است که سیبویه در تحلیل شواهد قرآنی توجه به قواعد نحوی و شیوه‌ی بیان رایج در بین عربها و بافت کلام داشته است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تاثیر پذیری مفسران از این عالم نحوی بیشتر به صورت غیر مستقیم است و همچنین تحلیل‌های سیبویه در بیشتر موارد از جانب مفسران پذیرفته شده و در برخی موارد با نقد تند به خصوص از جانب فخر رازی و یا با نقد ملایم مواجه شده است. از دیگر نتایج این مقاله اشاره به روی‌کرد عقل‌گرایی در برخی از تحلیل‌های سیبویه و چهار مفسر است.. از دیگر نتایج این مقاله اشاره به روی‌کرد عقل‌گرایی در برخی از تحلیل‌های سیبویه و چهار مفسر است.ین تحلیل‌های سیبویه در بیشتر موارد از جانب مفسران پذیرفته شده و در برخی موارد با نقد تند به خصوص از جانب فخر رازی و یا با نقد ملایم مواجه شده است. از دیگر نتایج این مقاله اشاره به روی‌کرد عقل‌گرایی در برخی از تحلیل‌های سیبویه و چهار مفسر است
research article
Literary Criticism
hojjat rasouli; sheler ahmadi
Abstract
The prominent critic of Arabic literature of the 4th century AH, Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi, in comparison with the works of his contemporaries and predecessors, in his work Ayar al-She’r, has a distinctive way of criticizing Arabic literature. Ibn Tabataba specifically dealt with poetry as an artistic ...
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The prominent critic of Arabic literature of the 4th century AH, Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi, in comparison with the works of his contemporaries and predecessors, in his work Ayar al-She’r, has a distinctive way of criticizing Arabic literature. Ibn Tabataba specifically dealt with poetry as an artistic industry and made the structure and order of poetry the main focus of his discussion, in such a way that through his statements one can see the subtle distinction between different types of literature such as verse, prose, poetry and the different foundations of literary works. Now, since Ibn Tabataba's focus is on the poetry industry and, on the other hand, some researchers believe that the old Arabic criticism is a form-oriented criticism, we are going to show what the critical opinions of Ibn Tabataba in Ayar al-She'r are, within the framework of the principles of Russian formalism; and how much it is possible to consider Ibn Tabataba as subject to this general rule and look him as a critic with a formalist approach. Also, to what extent the evidence available in Ayar al-She’r strengthens this hypothesis, that the ancient Arabic literary criticism is formalist criticism. Therefore, in this research, the critical opinions of Ibn Tabataba in the book Ayar al-She’r were discussed based on the main characteristics of the Russian formalism approach and, through the descriptive-content analysis method. The result of the research showed that Ibn Tabataba is at the head of critics who have a formalistic approach and his critical opinions strengthen this hypothesis, that the old Arabic criticism is a formalistic criticism.
research article
Stylistics
a l
Abstract
Attention to the position and literary characteristics of women's literature in contemporary literary criticism is similar to the expansion and prosperity of women's writing and topics related to this field, especially women's identity, their dialect style and language, each of which can be examined ...
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Attention to the position and literary characteristics of women's literature in contemporary literary criticism is similar to the expansion and prosperity of women's writing and topics related to this field, especially women's identity, their dialect style and language, each of which can be examined in the form of more detailed components to know the emotional elements of women and the aesthetic approaches of their speech. Among the contemporary women poets whose words are mixed with the color of affection and dealt with the characteristics of the feminine spirit and adorned them with her eloquent pen, is Ms. Susan Aliwan, the Lebanese poetess. In expressing her thoughts and reflections, she seeks to transform the perspective of the society of her time towards women and to introduce woman as a model of sincere emotion and the source of affection and vitality, and to draw the attention of her society to the hidden abilities and capabilities of women. This article tries to introduce this poet and the dimensions of the language aesthetics in her poems in four levels of phonetic, lexical, syntactic and communicative, using a descriptive-analytical method. More importantly, the personality traits, art of writing and her beautiful and gentle spirit in expressing her intentions should be explained. Undoubtedly, investigating the beautiful literary manifestations of this poet’s work and her speaking style in expressing subjects and introducing culture and beliefs, is a clear sign of her eloquence, artistic creativity and miracle in her words, which she presents to the literary community, especially women, in the form of delicate poetry and heartfelt speech, in order to give status and position to women in society and with a logical approach consolidate society's thoughts with women's intellectual sphere and demands for justice in the form of delicate poems based on feminist views.
Original Article
Literary Criticism
rasool khammar; seyyed mahdi nouri; Abbas Ganjali; hossein shamsabadi
Abstract
In contemporary literature, poets, writers and artists have shown special attention to symbols in their literary works, including poems, stories, plays, etc. One of the manifestations of symbolism is the calling of various historical, religious, mythological, etc. figures in contemporary Arabic poetry. ...
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In contemporary literature, poets, writers and artists have shown special attention to symbols in their literary works, including poems, stories, plays, etc. One of the manifestations of symbolism is the calling of various historical, religious, mythological, etc. figures in contemporary Arabic poetry. A contemporary poet, like a historian, does not look at history only through the lens of historical data and their logical connection, but adds dimensions to historical characters from his own experiences and according to the current conditions of his society, and thus spiritual concepts and dynamic implications. It conveys what it wants to the mind of the reader. One of the characters that has a meaningful presence in the poetry of some contemporary poets is Meysam Tammar, the companion of the Prophet and the faithful friend of Imam Ali (AS). In the present article, the symbolic appeal of this character in the poetry of two contemporary Arab poets, namely " Jasim al-Sahayyeh " from Saudi Arabia and "Hasan AleHatit al-Amili" from Lebanon, has been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way. Since no research has been done on the invocation of Maysham Temar's character in contemporary Arabic poetry, it is important and necessary to investigate this issue. The results of the discussion show that Maisham's character traits such as righteousness, truth-telling, frankness of speech, persistence against oppressors and their scandalization have made contemporary poets, including the two mentioned poets, make his character the center of their poems. These two poets identified themselves with Maitham and called him in their poetry and tried to explain the problems and political and cultural disturbances of the society and their experiences, concerns and reform ideas beyond Maitham's personality.
research article
Semiotics
Golafrooz Mohebi; rouhollah saiiady; Amirhossein Rasoulnia; Abbas Eghbali
Abstract
Structural criticism is one of the analyses that flourished in the direction of meaning generation in the 20th century following Saussure's semiotics. "Roland Barthes" - a French semiotician and theorist - is among the critics of structuralism, the importance of his theories is in the pursuit of evolution ...
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Structural criticism is one of the analyses that flourished in the direction of meaning generation in the 20th century following Saussure's semiotics. "Roland Barthes" - a French semiotician and theorist - is among the critics of structuralism, the importance of his theories is in the pursuit of evolution and semiotic adventure and the creation of a kind of intellectual vitality in analysis, modern criticism and the flow of structuralism. He has presented a code-based model for text analysis, beyond which, with the help of the context of the text, it is possible to analyse the structure of different texts, without the need for the presence of the author, and only with the help of the expressive language of the text. This meaning-making model, which recognizes ciphers as the voice of the text, consists of; There are hermeneutic or enigmatic codes, proiretic or active codes, meaningful or implicit codes, symbolic or confrontational codes, and cultural or referential codes. The main goal of this article is the application of Barth's analysis approach to the meaning analysis and interpretation of the written text (Lekol'' Amree Min Dahreh Ma Ta'awda) by Motanbi, which is based on descriptive-analytical method. The result of the research shows that Barth's cryptography model shows the presence of ciphers in different parts of the body of the text, which shows a kind of semantic dispersion at the level of the text, and it can also be applied to classical poems. Revealing hermeneutic codes the poem is for the introduction of Saif al-Dawlah. Action codes it also narrates his fighting as the main actor. Semantic ciphers and symbolic in pursuit of creating meaning for the two main and active characters of the text, Saif al-Dawlah and Mantabi, they have put two groups of good and evil in front of each other.
research article
Literary Criticism
simayeh nikfar; ardashir sadrodini; mostafa yegani
Abstract
Critical discourse analysis is a systematic theory of Norman Fairclough, which is suitable for analyzing the works that are produced in close connection with the social and political conditions of the society, and it is remarkably effective for examining the way of recounting what is happening in the ...
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Critical discourse analysis is a systematic theory of Norman Fairclough, which is suitable for analyzing the works that are produced in close connection with the social and political conditions of the society, and it is remarkably effective for examining the way of recounting what is happening in the society. has it. This theory is used in three levels, description and formal investigation of the work in terms of vocabulary and interpretations, and in the level of interpretation, it is applied to discourse actions in the work and the extent of the influence of discourse or popular discourses and dominant hegemony, and in the level of explanation, it is the reflection of social actions. It deals with how social issues are reflected in the work. Shahd Al-Rawai, a young and novice Iraqi writer, has written two of his most important works in the second decade of the 21st century, and his first work, "Saat al-Baghdad" (Baghdad Clock) was praised by many critics and audiences. is aroused Considering the connection of the current novel with the political and social issues of the past and present decades of Iraq, especially the story of war and occupation, this article analyzes the critical discourse of the novel to discover the agency of social conditions and discourses generated by society. The result shows that the author of many of the formal and formal elements of the work was influenced by the unfortunate social conditions of war, siege and occupation with the focus of inciting the discourse of migration in the service of recounting the conditions of the society and creating a solution to solve its problem. It has become an active social actor that has the ability to reproduce and accompany the discursive process of the society.
research article
Linguistics
Shahriar Hemmati; Hamed Poorheshmati
Abstract
The village has a great place in the path of contemporary narrative discourse and its narrative calling flaunts in the bed of ballades content and their sensitive images focal. Using various conceptual connotations, the village changes its functions in different situations based on the type of interaction ...
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The village has a great place in the path of contemporary narrative discourse and its narrative calling flaunts in the bed of ballades content and their sensitive images focal. Using various conceptual connotations, the village changes its functions in different situations based on the type of interaction of the poet and his degree of dependence on topics that have a realistic or dreamlike relationship with this place. Mohammad Afifi Matar is a great Egyptian poet who views the village as an open place with narrative mechanisms and characteristics with rich implications and concepts, and he emphasizes on the importance to the scenes of his hometown village and the needs of its inhabitants or the quality of the functioning of the village in the framework of technical pictures. The local quality of the village that has in his poetry, introduces the reader to a series of real or unreal events and invites him to more sympathize and presence of the narrative process. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method that it proceeds the narrative of the village in Mohammad Afifi Matar's poem and the result of the research suggests that the poet at describing the village is a wise narrator who has an influential presence in the process of its occurrence and presents them in three main aspects that are the nostalgia of the village which is related to the childhood of the poet and his past, and the other is the expression of an optimistic image, which is expressed in natural oriented and manifestations of richness, pretentiousness and its freestanding, and it approaches to being ideal. Then, a dark tragedy is usually related to the natural and social life of the village and appears in the drought and poverty and the hunger of its inhabitants.
research article
elham khademi; Marzie Abad; Mohammad Javad Mahdavi; mahdi kermani
Abstract
Comparative Reading of Identity Reflection in Arabic &Persian Young Adult Novels Based on Erik Erikson's Theory (Case Study: Faten and Hasti)AbstractIn the present study, identity has been studied in two Arabic &Persian young adult novel based on Erik Erikson 's theory of psychosocial development. ...
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Comparative Reading of Identity Reflection in Arabic &Persian Young Adult Novels Based on Erik Erikson's Theory (Case Study: Faten and Hasti)AbstractIn the present study, identity has been studied in two Arabic &Persian young adult novel based on Erik Erikson 's theory of psychosocial development. In this theory, adolescence is the fifth stage of development and the main challenge of this stage is the identity crisis, although not in its critical sense. The two studied novels are Faten by the Lebanese writer Fatima Sharafeddin and Hasti by the Iranian writer Farhad Hassanzadeh. Faten is narrated in the context of the Lebanese civil war and Hasti in the early of the Iran-Iraq war and the main characters in both novels are young girls. Sharafeddin's young adult novels mainly deal with analyzing and criticizing the social situation in Lebanon, and young adult novels's Hassanzadeh prominent approach is empowering and informing girls. this study emphasizes the importance of the adolescence stage and the necessity of forming a successful identity in this stage and it shows the literary researchers’ negligence of the stage. For this reason, the present study aims to explore the two literary works by using Erikson's theory, a descriptive-analytical method, and the approach of comparative literature. The findings of the research indicated that in tow novels, adolescence characteristics are classified into three categories based on Erikson's theory: Identity crisis; Identity-seeking, which includes: identification, society's support, adolescents' protest to adults' value system, and love in adolescence; and Fidelity. Upon exploring the place of identity and identity challenges of adolescents we might conclude that the main goal of the two novels is to seriously encourage the young audience to acquire a successful identity through education, study and socializing with competent people.Keywords: Identity, Young Adult Novel, Erik Erikson, Fatima Sharafeddin, Farhad Hassanzadeh
