The characteristics of the Russian formalism approach in the book Ayar Ol-She’r of Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi

Document Type : research article

Authors

• Hojjat Rasouli ¹
• Sheler Ahmadi ²

¹ Professor in Arabic Language and Literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

² PhD Candidate in Arabic Language and Literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

10.22067/jallv15.i4.2210-1203

Abstract

The prominent Arabic literature critic of the 4th century AH, Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi, had a distinctive way of critiquing Arabic literature in his work "Ayar Ol-She’r." Unlike his contemporaries and predecessors, he focused on poetry as an artistic industry, emphasizing the structure and order of poetry. Through his statements, he highlighted the subtle distinctions between various literary forms such as verse, prose, and poetry. Some scholars view old Arabic criticism as form-oriented. This analysis aims to explore Ibn Tabataba's critical views within the framework of Russian formalism to determine if he can be considered a formalist critic. The research examines how Ibn Tabataba's opinions align with formalist principles and whether they support the idea that ancient Arabic literary criticism is formalistic. The study concludes that Ibn Tabataba's critical approach aligns with formalism, reinforcing the notion that old Arabic criticism is form-oriented.

Keywords

• Ibn Tabataba
• Ayar Ol-She’r
• 4th century AH
• ancient Arabic literary criticism
• formalism

Main Subjects

• Literary Criticism

References

Ahmadi, B. (2013). Text structure and interpretation. Tehran: Markaz. [In Persian].

Badavi, A, A. (1965). From criticism and literature. Cairo: Nehzat. [In Arabic].

Bakkar, Y, H. (1982). The construction of the poem in ancient Arabic criticism in the light of modern criticism. second edition. Beirut: Andalus. [In Arabic].

Journal of Arabic Language & Literature, Vol. 15, No.4 Serial Number. 35               page:2

Bertens, J, W. (2003). Literary theory: The basics. Translated by F, sojoudi. Tehran: Ahang-e-digar. [In Persian].

Fotouhi, M. (2008). Rhetoric of the Image. Tehran: Speech. [In Persian].

Payandeh, H. (2009). Literary criticism and democracy; Essays in new literary theory and criticism. second edition. Tehran: Niloufar. [In Persian].

Tofigh, M, A. (1993). The concept of artistic creativity in ancient Arab criticism. Egypt: General Egyptian Book Organization. [In Arabic].

Jacobson, R.(1988) Poetry issues. Translators: Mohammad Al-Woli and Mubarak Hanoun. Maghreb: Dar al-Bayda, Dar Toubqal. [In Arabic].

Al-jouzou, M. (1988). Theories of poetry among the Arabs. Two volumes. second edition. Beirut: Dar- Al- Taliaa. [In Arabic].

Diab, A. (1965). seasons in modern literary criticism. Cairo: Al-Dar- Al- Gawmia. [In Arabic].

Hammudah, A. (2001). Concave mirrors towards an Arab critical Theory, Kuwait: National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters. [In Arabic].

Khuli, A. (1996). art of saying. Submit: Fazl, S. Cairo: Egyptian National Library and Archives. [In Arabic].

Zaghlul Sallām, M. (n.d). The history of literary criticism and rhetoric until the fourth century AH. Alexandria: Monchaatalmaref. [In Arabic].

Sasani, F. (2009). ‘Art ac techniqe’. Constructivism and post-constructionism and literary studies. Compiler: sojoudi, F. second edition. Tehran: surey-e- Mehr. [In Persian].

Safavi, K, (2004), From Linguistics to Literature, Vol. 1: verse, Tehran, sooremehr. [In Persian].

________, (2004), From Linguistics to Literature, Vol. 2: Poetry, Tehran, sooremehr. [In Persian].

Seldon, R. (2006).From formalism to post-structuralism.Translator: Qari, A and others. review and supervision: Abdolmasih, M. general supervisor: Osfur, J. Cairo: Supreme Council Of Culture. [In Arabic].

Fazl, S. (1998). Constructivist theory in literary criticism. Cairo & Beirut: Dar El-Shorouk. [In Arabic].

Fattum, M, H. (2013). Reception in Arabic criticism in the fourth century AH. Damascus: Syrian General Organization of Books. [In Arabic].

Shafiei Kadkani, M, R. (2017). Resurrection of words; Lectures on the literary theory of Russian formalists. Third edition. Tehran: Speech. [In Persian].

Carter, D. (2010).  Literary theory. Translated by Al- Mosalama, B. Damascus: Attakwin. [In Arabic].

Daif, Sh. (n.d). Rhetoric; evolution and History. Ninth edition. Cairo: Dar- Al- maaref. [In Arabic].

Ibn- Tabataba. (1985). Ayar- ol- She’r. Detective: almane’, A. Riyadh: Darul Uloom. [In Arabic].

Akoob, E, A. (2000). Critical thinking among Arabs; An introduction to the theory of Arabic literature. second edition. Beirut: House of Contemporary Thought. [In Arabic]

 

 

Journal of Arabic Language & Literature, Vol. 15, No.4 Serial Number. 35               page:3

Abbas, E. (1983). The history of literary criticism among the Arabs; Criticism of poetry from the second century to the eighth century AH. fourth edition. Beirut: Dar El Thaqafa. [In Arabic].

Abdul- Al, A, A. (1978). Criticism of poetry between Ibn qutayba & Ibn Tabataba. Cairo: Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi. [In Arabic].

Adnan, S. (1987). Philosophical trends in literary criticism. Beirut: Dar Al Raed Al Arabi. [In Arabic].

Asfour, J. (1995). poetry concept. Fifth Edition. Cairo: General Egyptian Book Organization. [In Arabic].

Alavanah, Sh, R. (2003). Issues of Literary Criticism and Rhetoric in the Book Ayar Ol-She’r In light of modern criticism. Jordan: Dar- Al- Manahej. [In Arabic].

Mohabbati, M. (2009). From meaning to form, Two volumes, Tehran: Speech. [In Persian].

Guerin, W, L. Labor, E, G. Morgan, L. Willingham, J, R. (2001). Basics of literary criticism, Translated by Taheri, F. Second edition, Tehran: Niloufar. [In Persian].

Khatib, I (1982). formal method Theory; Texts of the Russian Formalists. Beirut: Arab Research Foundation, rabat: Moroccan Company for United Publishers. [In Arabic].

Makaryk, I, R. (2011). Encyclopedia of literary theories. Translated by Mohajer, M & Nabavi, M. Tehran: Agah. [In Persian].

Todorov, T(Compiled and translated into French). (2013). Theory of literature; Texts of the Russian formalists. Translator: Tahaei, A. second edition. Tehran: dot. [In Persian]

Yooshij, N. (2006). About art and poetry. Editor: Tahbaz, S. Tehran: Negah. [In Persian].

Wellek, R. (2009). A History of Modern Criticism. Translated by Arbab Shirani, S. Eight volumes. Tehran: Niloufar. [In Persian].

Haddara, M, M. (1958). The problem of thefts in Arab criticism, a comparative analytical study. Cairo: The Anglo Egyptian Bookshop. [In Arabic].

Fanous, W. (1995). “Illuminations: The term  in Ayar Ol-She’r of Ibn Tabataba”. journal of arab Thought. N(79). 198- 210. [In Arabic].

Dogani, Sh & Estaji, A & Seyedi, H. (2022). »Studying the argument in challenging verses(Tahaddi) in Argumentation Theory«. Journal of Arabic Language & Literature,. 13(2). 1- 21. (Doi:10.22067/jallv13.i2.82099). [In Persian].

Haqshenas, A, M. (2004). “The Three Manifestations of One Art: Verse, Prose, and Poetry in Literature”. Quarterly Journal of Literary Studies and Research. 1(1), 47-69. (10.52547/jls.1.1.47). [In Persian].

Khafaji, M, A. (1978). “Ayar Ol-She’r of Ibn Tabataba”. journal of poetry. N(12), 103- 108. [In Arabic].

Al-kabisi, T. (1990). “in Arabic poetics; A new reading of (Ayar Ol-She’r) by Ibn Tabataba”. Almawrid Magazine19(1), 21- 27. [In Arabic].

Seddighi, B & Hoseini, M. (2020). The comparison of Ibn Khaldun,s view point about language with sosor,s Theory. Journal of Arabic Language & Literature,12(1).1- 16. (doi.org/10.22067/jall.v12.i1. .2103.1029). [In Persian].