Marziyeh Abad; Maryam kyani
Abstract
Khalil Havi is the renowned Lebanese poet who is famous as the contemporary philosophical poet in the Arab world for his profound poetry and their philosophical meanings. In addition to the philosophical aspect which differentiates him from other contemporaneous poets, it is in the realm of language ...
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Khalil Havi is the renowned Lebanese poet who is famous as the contemporary philosophical poet in the Arab world for his profound poetry and their philosophical meanings. In addition to the philosophical aspect which differentiates him from other contemporaneous poets, it is in the realm of language and the form of poetry where he appears as the outstanding figure. Havi’s “Lazarus 1962” is one of his best odes whose form, being in a deep correlation with its meaning, has been manifested in an admiring way. Due to great focus of most literary researches of Havi on content and meaning, it is needed to do a text-based research. In this article, applying a Formalistic and textual approach, the writers endeavor to investigate the literariness or in a sense the literary aspects of Lazarus ode, one of the most beautiful poetic artifice of Havi and also aim to clarify the miracle of Havi’s poems to advocates of Arabic poetry through the scope of poetic constructs like resurrection of the word and defamiliarization and explaining the importance of these two elements in transmission of meaning. In the light of the finding of the present study, it can be said that Khalil Havi could utilize linguistic structures in favor of meaning in the best way by having innovation in linguistic methods and use of literariness approaches; moreover, he could establish a firm linkage between language and meaning.
Hossein Imanian
Abstract
Since the second century (lunar calendar) in Arabic literary criticism, the question of whether poetry should stay clear of philosophy, science, and thought or the poet can enjoy using them, has come to the fore. Naturally, before Muslims get familiar with Greek, Indian, and Persian-rooted knowledge, ...
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Since the second century (lunar calendar) in Arabic literary criticism, the question of whether poetry should stay clear of philosophy, science, and thought or the poet can enjoy using them, has come to the fore. Naturally, before Muslims get familiar with Greek, Indian, and Persian-rooted knowledge, philosophy, culture, and civilization (which were under the influence of such translations) there was no sign of such arguments. But the time when some of Abbasid poets longed to embellish their art with a tint of knowledge and thought, some conservative and trenchant Arabic-fervid critics rebuked the idea sharply. This skirmish turned into a bitter critical conflict when Abu Tammam employed the aforementioned method both in theory and practice. The altercation between these two groups has in fact been a conflict between the supporters of tradition and modernity in literature, art, and, of course, the society is Abbasid epoch. In Persian literature Khaghani’s poems are the most identical to Abu Tammam’s. Khaghani also believed that a poet should not talk in a way that be grasped easily and this is the audience who have to increase his knowledge in order to understand the poet’s tongue. The method these two poets adopted in Persian and Arabic literature came to be known as “Technical School”. Poet, in this method, expresses his lofty thoughts aesthetically. The present study investigates the unintelligible aspects of Khaghani’s and Abu Tammam’s poems. The hard-to-grasp aspect of these two poets’ poems has occasionally been a corollary of the style of these two formalist artists and at times a feature of using wonderful themes and philosophical and logical meanings as well as historical and mythical allusions
