Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University ,Tabriz, Iran.
2 arabic language and litratur in azerbaijan shahid madani university
3 Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan
Abstract
In measuring the consistency of the text, and proving the textuality of its non-textuality, one of the most obvious elements that enters the field is the element of reference. Because it deals with linguistic and grammatical explanation and analyzes the text, and harmonizes its criteria to reveal the scope of its semantic concepts. Also, its mission is to explain the meaning of that text, which it uses as a means of revealing and proving the texts by using linguistic schemes. Therefore, reference is one of the most important tools that can reveal the relationships hidden in the text, and proves the coherence of the text. that in this exploration, the words of the text are connected to each other linguistically and grammatically. Reference appears through pronouns, demonstrative nouns, relative nouns, and comparatives. in this research, and relying on the descriptive and analytical approach, the most important results were obtained that show that the external reference in the poetic text of Adonis may contain the facts of the world around it, as in many of his poems it shows a situation that in It deals with specific characters. These cases appeared in the first person and second person pronouns, and because the texts work more effectively, the poet uses them in special situations. It was also found that referencing is one of the most powerful parts of reference used in the text, as it appears to be highly consistent. The textual criteria in the above poetry collection were in different ratios between linguistic and pragmatic, and this relationship created harmony between the poetic parts. regarding the examination of the difference between the element of substitution and the element of reference mentioned in the research, the result was that the referenceپ
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