Journal of Arabic Language & Literature

research article Stylistics

Strategies of invoking the personality of Jamila Bohaird in the political discourses of contemporary Arabic poetry

Ali Najafi Ivaki

Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2023, Pages 22-1

https://doi.org/10.22067/jallv15.i2.66116

Abstract

The struggle for belief, striving for freedom, and achieving social justice are among the fundamental themes of contemporary Arab poets' poetry. One way in which poets have depicted their desires and dreams is by using figures involved in the fight as examples in their poetic texts. Among these figures, ... Read More

research article Linguistics

The conceptual metaphor of "Unbelief" and "Faith" in the Holy Qur´an

Ataullah Riki Kuteh; Bahar seddighi

Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2023, Pages 40-23

https://doi.org/10.22067/jallv15.i2.2202-1112

Abstract

Conceptual metaphor is a new tool in cognitive science that focuses on human cognition to conceptualize abstract and non-objective concepts. In this method, abstract and unfamiliar concepts (destination domains) are understood through other concrete and tangible conceptual domains (source domains). The ... Read More

research article Literary Criticism

A Psychoanalytical Reading of Al-sabbar’s based on Freudian theory of personality

Oveis Mohamadi

Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2023, Pages 56-41

https://doi.org/10.22067/jallv15.i2.2302-1230

Abstract

Written by Sahar Khalifa, a Palestinian novelist, "Al-Sabbar" (wild thorns) reflects the mindset of the colonized Palestinians in the last decades of the twentieth century. The novel features many characters, each symbolizing a different aspect of the Palestinian mentality. Through a psychoanalytic reading, ... Read More Written by Sahar Khalifa, a Palestinian novelist, "Al-Sabbar" (wild thorns) reflects the mindset of the colonized Palestinians in the last decades of the twentieth century. The novel features many characters, each symbolizing a different aspect of the Palestinian mentality. Through a psychoanalytic reading, one can better understand the hidden worldview of the novel and gain insight into the mentality of Palestinian society in the second half of the twentieth century.Based on Freud’s model, human beings’ psyche (conscious and unconscious) has three components. The first one is ‘Id’ which encompasses their primitive drives, pleasure instincts, and life drives. The child’s encounter with the realities of life results in the formation of its ‘Ego’ which is logical and realistic. Later, when its psyche develops, ‘Superego’ emerges out of ‘Ego’ which is the moralistic and idealistic dimension of the mind. It suppresses ‘Id’ due to its instinctive desires and censures ‘Ego’ for its occasional cooperation with ‘Id’.The current study assumes that three kinds of characters in the novel embody these three parts of the psyche. The masses and those who work in Israeli manufactures represent ‘Id’, as they have abandoned their ideals and solely think about their basic needs and survival. In this novel, Adel is a rationalist and realist responsible for organizing workers and their transfer to factories; thus he is presumed as a symbol of ‘Ego’. The character who embodies ‘Superego’ in this novel is Osama, constantly inviting Adel to idealism.Due to Adel’s influence over the masses, he requests Adel to encourage them to resist their Israeli factory owners. As a voice of rationalism and realism, Adel invites Osama to pragmatism. Throughout the novel, Adel dismisses Osama’s views; however, at the end of it all, Adel changes his standpoint transforming from ‘Ego’ to ‘Ideal ego’, resulting in his realistic viewpoint becoming an idealistic one.The evolved mentality at the end of novel is rational, idealistic and pragmatic - this is what Khalife wants for Palestinian people unconsciously.

research article Literary Criticism

The Anxiety of Influence in Arabic poetry of the third and fourth centuries based on Harold Bloom's perspective (Sample of reading: Abou Al-Tayeb Motanabbi)

Mina Mohammadi Saremi; Hosein Imanian; Abbas Eghbali

Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2023, Pages 73-57

https://doi.org/10.22067/jallv15.i2.2305-1267

Abstract

"The Anxiety of Influence" is a theory proposed by Harold Bloom that discusses the effectiveness of poets. It is based on intertextuality and focuses on the relationship between contemporary poets and the past, as well as their fear of their own effectiveness. The theory suggests that poets modify their ... Read More

Original Article Linguistics

Comparison of visual schemas of Arabic and Persian biology inputs based on Johnson's linguistic approach

Sima Nabipour; Mehdi Mohammadi Nia; Ahmad Mojavezi

Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2023, Pages 89-74

https://doi.org/10.22067/jallv15.i2.2304-1258

Abstract

One of the new scientific fields directly related to the human mind is cognitive science. Visual diagrams, first proposed by Mark Johnson, are one of the most important infrastructures in this field. Due to its psychological nature and direct connection with the mind, vocabulary can be investigated through ... Read More

research article Literary Criticism

Analyzing time-idea of the desire for immortality in the narrative discourse of "sleeping in the cherry field" Relying on Gerard Genette's theory

Razieh Nazari

Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2023, Pages 106-90

https://doi.org/10.22067/jallv15.i2.2306-1282

Abstract

The time of narrative discourse is multidimensional and abnormal, creating scattered images to highlight the fictional concept. An idea refers to a dominant belief that results from repeating an image. The novel "Sleeping in the Cherry Field" by Iraqi writer Azhar Jerjis, nominated for the Arabic Booker ... Read More

Examining the Applied Meanings of Mazid Verbs in the Holy Quran (Case Study)

Ali Osat Khanjani

Volume 10, Issue 18 , February 2019, , Pages 37-64

https://doi.org/10.22067/jall.v10i18.67463

Abstract

Extended Abstract Introduction Given its transcendental reality, the holy Quran has been verbally manifested in the material world as it was descended upon humans, forming a text written in human language which includes articles, nouns, verbs, and sentences. Clearly, the truth that lies within ... Read More Extended Abstract Introduction Given its transcendental reality, the holy Quran has been verbally manifested in the material world as it was descended upon humans, forming a text written in human language which includes articles, nouns, verbs, and sentences. Clearly, the truth that lies within this book has resulted in Quran to be the subject of various studies through different approaches. One of the neglected subjects in the area of Quranic studies is the expansion of verbs’ semantic realm through transfer from abstract to mazid structures. Theoretical Framework Mazid verbs are constructed from abstract verbs through an increasing process observing the meaning. Such a process expands on the semantic realm of verbs and their diverse functions within rhetorical textures. The source of theoretical foundations and frameworks of this subject is the knowledge of morphology[1] (sarf) which is regarded as one of the Quranic sciences. Regarding the background of this study, it can be expressed that the subject has only appeared incomprehensively scattered in particular cases in interpretation works such as Tabarsi’s Majma’ al-Bayan, Zamakhshari’s al-Kashshaaf, Ibn Ashour’s al-Tahrir va al-Tanvir, Alusi’s Ruh al-Ma'ani and other earlier and later works of interpretation; there has been no other independent studies on this subject in the form of a paper or a book. It must be pointed out that even in the book, “Literal Interpretation of the Holy Quran” by Mahdi Islami Panah Yazdi which was written solely and expertly through a literary approach, there has been no mention of the meanings of mazid verbs. It is also worth mentioning that in his book, “The Impact of Literary Sciences on Understanding the Holy Quran”, Mohammad Fallahi Qomi has only specified three pages of the book to this subject and presented insignificant evidence from the Quran for five categories (baab) of trilateral mazid verbs without building on their functional meanings. Also in the book, “The Role of Literary Sciences on the Interpretation of Quran” by Ahmad Taherinia as well as another book by Javad Aaseh, “The Role of Syntax Sciences in the Interpretation of Quran”, both published by Imam Khomeini research and education institute in Qom, there has been no mention of this subject. Moreover, authors who have attempted to analyze and integrate the verses of the holy Quran in books such as “E’erab al-Quran va Bayanah” and “Jadval al-E’erab al-Quran”, etc., were not exposed to this subject. In addition, as far as it has been explored in this study, there has been no theses found to bear the title of “explaining the meanings of mazid verbs in the holy Quran” across university or seminary websites. Consequently, it appears that attending to this very subject independently is both necessary and beneficial, and could be considered as an effective step in asserting the role of literary sciences for interpreting the holy Quran. As an interdisciplinary activity, it could also be an effective action to bring the disciplines of Arabic language and literature and Quranic sciences closer together. Method The present fundamental, theoretical inquiry was conducted through the descriptive-analytical method. In this study, first the mazid verbs used in Quran were identified and categorized based on categories (baabs). Then, certain unknown meanings of them were analyzed in several cases. Findings The findings of this study can be investigated through a single basic rule; this rule states that, “Increase in the morphological structure of the word (verb), results in an mazid, expanded domain of the word’s meaning.” It is worth mentioning that the above rule holds true in the entire mazid verbs used across the holy Quran. Conclusion The purpose of this study which revolved around a theoretical, descriptive-analytical exploration of several cases regarding the functional meanings of mazid verbs used throughout the holy Quran, led to the following results: Quantitatively, more than 7000 forms of mazid verbs (derived from 800 paragraphs) are used in the holy Quran. This number is approximately equal to one tenth of all words in the holy Quran, and it is an umpteen number. Said verbs are used in trilateral and quatrain categories, with ef’aal and taf’eel being the most frequent. In terms of application, these verbs have majorly been used in their own main dominant meanings. The views of linguists and interpreters regarding the functional meaning of mazid verbs are parallel to each other and no significant difference was observed. Ultimately, it is recommended to examine the rhetoric applications of mazid verbs with regards to the present requirements.

The Psychological Comparative of Seght Al-Zand by Abul Ala Al-Ma'arri and Rudaki's Court Poet based on Max Lüscher's Theory

Abdolbaset Arab; Faeze Arab Yousofabadi; Seyed Bagher Hossini

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 1-24

https://doi.org/10.22067/jall.v11i2.45820

Abstract

Extended Abstract Introduction Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, national, and disciplinary boundaries. Comparative literature performs a role similar to that of the study of international relations, but works ... Read More Extended Abstract Introduction Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, national, and disciplinary boundaries. Comparative literature performs a role similar to that of the study of international relations, but works with languages and artistic traditions, so as to understand cultures from the inside. While most frequently practiced with works of different languages, comparative literature may also be performed on works of the same language if the works originate from different nations or cultures among which that language is spoken. The characteristically intercultural and transnational field of comparative literature concerns itself with the relation between literature, broadly defined, and other spheres of human activity, including history, politics, philosophy, art, and science. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Psychology is a multifaceted discipline and includes many sub-fields of study such areas as human development, sports, health, clinical, social behavior and cognitive processes. Psychology is really a very new science, with most advances happening over the past 150 years or so. However, its origins can be traced back to ancient Greece, 400 – 500 years BC. In the early days of psychology there were two dominant theoretical perspectives regarding how the brain worked, structuralism and functionalism. Structuralism and functionalism have since been replaced by several dominant and influential approaches to psychology, each one underpinned by a shared set of assumptions of what people are like, what is important to study and how to study it. Theoretical Framework An interest of psychology, and particularly applied psychology in the impact of color on human functioning has a long history; however, it has fairly limited research achievements. Some more systematic empirical studies in the field appeared at the end of the last century; however, many of them suffer from methodological shortcomings and fail to encompass a correlational analysis which is a norm in modern psychology. Therefore, it seems particularly worthwhile for us to present a comprehensive review of research to date in applied psychology dealing with the issue of color. The past decade has seen enhanced interest in research in the area of color and psychological functioning. Progress has been made on both theoretical and empirical fronts, but there are also weaknesses on both of these fronts that must be attended to for this research area to continue to make progress. In the following, I briefly review both advances and weaknesses in the literature on color and psychological functioning. Despite many methodological problems, colors have long been used in psychological diagnoses. Many instruments have been developed, such as the Max Lüscher color test (1971). It's common for a sighted person to wonder what blind people see or for a blind person to wonder whether the experience is the same for others without sight. There is no single answer to the question, "What do blind people see?" because there are different degrees of blindness. Also, since it's the brain that "sees" information, it matters whether a person ever had sight. A person who has never had sight doesn't see. People who have lost their sight have different experiences. Some describe seeing complete darkness, like being in a cave. Some people see sparks or experience vivid visual hallucinations that may take the form of recognizable shapes, random shapes, and colors, or flashes of light. A person who is born blind has dreams but doesn't see images. Dreams could include sounds, tactile information, odors, flavors, and feelings. On the other hand, if a person has sight and then loses it, dreams may include images. People who have impaired vision (legally blind) do see in their dreams. The appearance of objects in dreams depends on the type and history of blindness. Someone who is blind yet perceives flashes of light and color from Charles Bonnet syndrome may incorporate these experiences into dreams. Method The Lüscher Color Test, despite the remarkable ease and speed with which it can be administered, is a "deep" psychological test, developed for the use of psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians and those who are professionally involved with the conscious and unconscious characteristics and motivations of others. It is NOT a parlor game, and most emphatically it is not a weapon to be used in a general contest of “one-upmanship.” The Lüscher-Color-Diagnostic measures a person's psycho-physical state, his or her ability to withstand stress, to perform, and to communicate. It uncovers the cause of psychological stress, which can lead to physical symptoms. Using 5015 precise definitions, the selections from among these pre-determined test colors measure the state of 34 personality traits, some of which lie outside the realm of the conscious. Because the color selections are guided in an unconscious manner, they reveal the person as he or she really is, and not as he or she perceives him - or herself, or as he, or she would like to be perceived, which occurs when questions are asked directly or by questionnaires. The test colors from the Lüscher Color-Diagnosis chosen based on favoritism. The test-taker chooses the card color they like best and then orders the rest from most-preferred to lease-preferred. Numbers are printed on the backside of each card, and after the test-taker orders them, the examiner turns them over and references an accompanying book that contains all of the different number combinations and their meaning. Lüscher argues that the subject's choice of color shows the state of their psychosomatic and emotional status and how they feel about themselves. Lüscher relates to his four fundamental colors to the following fundamental categories: Blue: Contentmen Feeling of belonging, the inner connection and the relationship to one’s partner. "How I feel towards a person that is close to me" Green: Self-respect Inner control of willpower and the capacity to enjoy. "The way I want to be" Red: Self confidence Activity, drive and the reaction to challenges. "How I react to challenges" Yellow: Development Attitude of anticipation, attitude towards future development and towards new encounters. "What I expect for the future" A 1984 comparison of the Lüscher color test and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory found little agreement between the two tests, prompting the authors to urge cautious use of the former Results and Discussion So the two most important observations of these two are: Desired Objectives, or Behavior Dictated by Desired Objectives. Suffering from pent-up over-stimulation which threatens to discharge itself in an outburst of impulsive and impassioned behavior. The Existing Situation, or Behavior Appropriate to the Existing Situation. 1st selection: Hopes to obtain an improved position and greater prestige, so that he can procure for himself more of the things he has had to do without. 2st selection: Hopes to obtain an improved position and greater prestige, so that he can procure for himself more of the things he has had to do without. Characteristics under Restraint, or Behavior Inappropriate to the Existing Situation. 3st selection: Has high emotional demands and is willing to involve himself in a close relationship, but not with any great depth of feeling. Conclusion The results showed that among four Lüscher's Color Groups, the first and second in both poets are approximately similar. Accordingly, Ma'arri and Rudaki both were suffering from extreme provocations that had led them to separate from their society and they hoped to overcome a lot of their limitations, but Abol Ala despite of inner desires to intimate relationship, controls tightly his emotional relationships and only allows some people in his private domain that have perspective similar to him and think similar like him. And Rudaki tends to build social relationship and reveal his emotional relationship easily. He shows his unease because there are not enough responses to his needs of loving and understandings of mutual affections too.

The role of cohesion and its beautiful effects According to Halidy and Hasan

Ali Piranishal; Soghra Falahati; Masoomeh Rabiee

Volume 10, Issue 19 , October 2018, , Pages 95-114

https://doi.org/10.22067/jall.v10i19.66616

Abstract

Extended Abstract Introduction Maqamah is a type of literary text that has enjoyed a broad and pervasive position in certain periods of Arabic literature; a number of notable writers such as Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani, al-Hariri, etc. as well as Nasif al-Yaziji in the contemporary era have worked ... Read More Extended Abstract Introduction Maqamah is a type of literary text that has enjoyed a broad and pervasive position in certain periods of Arabic literature; a number of notable writers such as Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani, al-Hariri, etc. as well as Nasif al-Yaziji in the contemporary era have worked in this area. Since the majority of sciences deal with literature, various aspects of text linguistics have formed a vast portion of linguistic studies. Halliday’s functional approach is one of the prominent theories in this area in which novel dimensions of text linguistics are analyzed based on its role or function. Albeit, there is an ongoing debate among critics regarding the level of cohesion in “Maqamat”. In this study, it was attempted to examine text cohesion factors and their concordance in Maqamah Saviyah al-Hariri in light of Halliday and Hasan’s theory. It is worth mentioning the fact that there has been numerous studies in the area of cohesion and Maqamat, yet there has been no research focusing on “cohesion” and “aesthetics” in “Maqamat al-Hariri” Review of Literature In their studies in 1976, the founders of text cohesion theory, Halliday and Hasan, examined texts and relations among sentences and named such connections as cohesion. According to the views of these two linguists, cohesion is a semantic concept which highlights semantic relations present in texts and specifies them either as textual or non-textual (Halliday, 1976). They indicated five factors including reference, substitution, ellipsis, lexical cohesion, and conjunction as tools creating cohesion in texts; in this paper, conjunction is investigated. Method In this study, it is attempted to examine Maqamah Saviyah al-Hariri through the descriptive analytical method regarding conjunction, i.e. one of the factors for text cohesion, so as to provide answers to the following research questions according to statistics and analysis on the functions of conjunctive devices: Which one of these subcategories (additive, causal, adversative, and temporal) are more frequent in Maqamah al-Hariri? What impact has the author’s mastery of employing language capabilities and forming a rhythmic prose had on the aesthetics of the text’s cohesion? Results and Discussion As one of the elements of text cohesion, conjunctions involve the presence of sematic relations between sentences in a text which, according to Halliday and Hasan, can be classified into four types including additive, causal, adversative, and temporal. Being the eleventh “maqamah”, the story of Maqamah Saviyah takes place in Saveh cemetery (of which the name “maqamah” is a derivative) and entails a number of moral points. In the story, the protagonist arrives at the corpse being buried and following a shocking speech often accompanied by Quranic verses and hadith as well as rhetorical devices, similes, allusions and metaphors, he reminds people of bitter truths which persuades them to contemplate; he then fills his sack of gifts from the people and leaves the place. In the Arabic language, devices for these conjunctive elements include “واو، فاء، لذا، لأنّ، لکن، ثمّ...” which play a clear role in Maqamah and even daily spoken language, to the extent that textual imagination appears to be impossible without such devices; this is due to the fact that the presence of a relation between sentences is necessary for the text to become cohesive. It is worth mentioning that the most used additive device is the conjunctive, “واو”, which plays its role within independent sentences throughout the text and contributes to the text’s cohesion. Other devices such as “فاء” involve broader functions, playing a significant role in various areas such as additive, causal and conditionals; on the other hand, in addition to bringing conjunction to the text, conjunctive devices result in grammatical balance and phonetic unity in sentences, inducing certain musicality to the text which has led to the formal aesthetics along with an increased semantic power in the text. Conclusion According to the important results of the study, additive and adversative devices involved the highest and lowest frequency of use in Maqamah Saviyah with 64.4 and 2.3%, respectively, which is due to the descriptive nature of the text. Causal and conditional relations with 12.3% and temporal relation with a frequency of 18.8% connect the events of the story, denoting death and separation, similar to a chain. In other words, the story begins with death and separation and ends with the separation between the narrator and the protagonist, the former leaving from the right side towards southern winds while the latter, Abu Zeyd Sarouji going left towards the northern wind. In addition to bringing semantic cohesion to the text, the use of conjunctions have also enhanced the aesthetic aspects of Maqamah.

Deciphering Symbols in Mohammad Afifi Matar's Poems using Register and Categorizing them based on Daniel Chandler’s Literary Theory

Seyyed Ali Mirhosseini; Seyyed Adnan Eshkavari; ali Aswadi; Houman Nazemian; Abdollah Hoseini

Volume 13, Issue 4 , March 2022, , Pages 40-62

https://doi.org/10.22067/jallv13.i4.2102-1027

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to introduce Mohammad Afifi Matar as a poet and an author of several books who has a certain individual way of thinking and inciting poems which are all about using symbols and various rhetoric materials. He is one the poets who no longer use symbols in a literary matter ... Read More

Stylistic Quality of Word Frequency (Statistical Analysis of Selected Samples from Mutanabbi,Ibn Hani’ Andulusi & Ahmad Shawqi’s Odes)

Ali Akbar Mollaie

Volume 4, Issue 7 , February 2013

https://doi.org/10.22067/jall.v4i7.19806

Abstract

Frequency of vocabulary used in a piece of writing, prose or poetry, is one of the stylistic features of the writer. Words are like bricks which constitute the structure of a literary work, and the way the writer puts or organizes the words , reflects his/her literary characteristics which in turn distinguishes ... Read More

research article

Study and analysis of the concept of literariness and its components from Adonis's point of view

somayeh Bigghalejogh; shossein seyedi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 May 2022

https://doi.org/10.22067/jall.2022.70431.1049

Abstract

The concept of literariness and its components is one of the most contentious issues in the field of literary criticism, which has yet to submit a definitive and specific definition, despite the efforts of many critics and literati; Adonis, a prominent Arab theorist, and critic, is one of the few critics ... Read More

research article

Analysis of Qur'anic Evidences of Omission in the Book of Siboyeh and its Impact on Commentators (Case Study: Zajaj, Zamakhshari, Tabarsi and Fakhr Razi)

زهرا احمدلو; ابوالفضل رضایی; Mohammad Ebrahim Khalife Shushtari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 06 August 2023

https://doi.org/10.22067/jall.2023.73143.1079

Abstract

سیبویه برای استحکام بخشی تحلیل‌های نحوی و وضع اصول نحوی از شواهد قرآنی بسیاری یاری گرفته است. این پژوهش به صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی به بررسی تحلیل شواهد قرآنی در باب (حذف) ... Read More سیبویه برای استحکام بخشی تحلیل‌های نحوی و وضع اصول نحوی از شواهد قرآنی بسیاری یاری گرفته است. این پژوهش به صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی به بررسی تحلیل شواهد قرآنی در باب (حذف) در الکتاب می‌پردازد. سپس به صورت تطبیقی به بررسی میزان و چگونگی تاثیر تعلیل‌های سیبویه بر روی مفسرانی چون زجاج، زمخشری، طبرسی و فخرالدین رازی اشاره می‌شود. از جمله اهداف این پژوهش بیان میزان پذیرش یافته‌های نحوی سیبویه نسبت به شواهد قرآنی از جانب مفسران است. بررسی‌های انجام شده، نشان می‌دهد، این مفسران بزرگ، به طور مستقیم (با ذکر نام) یا به صورت غیر مستقیم از تعلیل‌های این دانشمند بزرگ نحوی بهره برده‌‌اند. در تاثیر پذیری غیر مستقیم در اکثر موارد به واسطه‌ی زجاج و یا زمخشری، دیدگاه سیبویه مورد پذیرش قرار گرفته است. از جمله نتایج این مقاله این است که سیبویه در تحلیل شواهد قرآنی توجه به قواعد نحوی و شیوه‌ی بیان رایج در بین عربها و بافت کلام داشته است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تاثیر پذیری مفسران از این عالم نحوی بیشتر به صورت غیر مستقیم است و همچنین تحلیل‌های سیبویه در بیشتر موارد از جانب مفسران پذیرفته شده و در برخی موارد با نقد تند به خصوص از جانب فخر رازی و یا با نقد ملایم مواجه شده است. از دیگر نتایج این مقاله اشاره به روی‌کرد عقل‌گرایی در برخی از تحلیل‌های سیبویه و چهار مفسر است.. از دیگر نتایج این مقاله اشاره به روی‌کرد عقل‌گرایی در برخی از تحلیل‌های سیبویه و چهار مفسر است.ین تحلیل‌های سیبویه در بیشتر موارد از جانب مفسران پذیرفته شده و در برخی موارد با نقد تند به خصوص از جانب فخر رازی و یا با نقد ملایم مواجه شده است. از دیگر نتایج این مقاله اشاره به روی‌کرد عقل‌گرایی در برخی از تحلیل‌های سیبویه و چهار مفسر است

research article Literary Criticism

The characteristics of the Russian formalism approach in the book Ayar al-She’r of Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi

hojjat rasouli; sheler ahmadi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 November 2023

https://doi.org/10.22067/jall.2023.79055.1203

Abstract

The prominent critic of Arabic literature of the 4th century AH, Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi, in comparison with the works of his contemporaries and predecessors, in his work Ayar al-She’r, has a distinctive way of criticizing Arabic literature. Ibn Tabataba specifically dealt with poetry as an artistic ... Read More