Journal of Arabic Language & Literature

Abstract Ambiguity and obscurity are frequently used to indicate a similar meaning yet there are real differences between them. The ambiguity is an affirmative concept in Arabic poetry, and the critics consider it as an artistic standard in best literary samples. Whereas, obscurity is a negative concept which results to the lack of text's values of skillfulness. This article deals with an explanation of the literal and the idiomatical meanings of ambiguity and obscurity. It discusses Arabic poetic specimens known as samples of ambiguity particularly in Symbolic and Surrealistic odes . Key words: ambiguity، obscurity، Whole Ode، surrealism، symbolism.

Abstract The knowledge of bygone times of a nation and the discovery of the way through which their thought and culture and civilization developed throughout ages, are of great important for the next generations of that nation and their success in future ways of development. Unquestionably, the literary works contain the greatest part of the cultural and mental products and legacy of a nation and deserve a deep investigation for the above mentioned purpose. As so far the Persian literary works-although in Arabic-specially in the fields of education and ethics disclose their brilliant thought and culture this article deals with one of the most famous and valuable Persian works, those of Tha'alibi to find the charming beauty of axioms in his works. Similar quotations of his contemporary authors are mentioned. Key words: Tha’alibi, axiom, beauty ,meaning .

Abstract There is no doubt that colors are important factors in creating arts including poetry. The poets use them because of their visual beauties to show their hidden values. Sometimes they go further – beyond the external features – ad use colors as symbols to express their own meaning. Moreover, modern poet’s deep insight and vision are the main causes to change the colorful portrait to a bright wonderful one. Among all colors, green has been the most attractive one to modern Arab poet, Abd al Mo’ti Hijazi, for it is the dominant color of village, the poet’s real beloved. This paper deals with the position of green color in Hijazi’s poetic images and its symbolic meanings and aesthetic aspects. The green is the most prominent color in Hijazi’s poetry which proves his interest in this color which is the symbol of his beloved countryside as well as the symbol of his political ideas. Key words: Abd al – Mo’ti Hijazi, poetry, symbol, aesthetics, green color, village.

Abstract Paradoxical expression is a type of defamiliarization – unknown to early Arabic Linguists – who considered it as a kind of antinomy. In Arabic literature paradox has been used since early periods but it was not recorded as poetical trick in literary figures books. Modern Arab poets became acquainted with it through Western literature. Paradox in Arabic contemporary poetry is formed in syntax and semantic. Paradox in case of its mutual shape has two kinds: near paradox and far paradox. The two sides of paradox in oxymoron are like two blades of scissors which sting the mind that is addicted to usual affairs. The nearer the space between the two sides of paradox, the more eloquent the speech. Key words : paradox, oxymoron, opposition, Arabic contemporary poetry.

Abstract Some of the criteria for the evaluation and vetting of Research Articles, are the significance of the study, the need for researching the specified topic, and preparing an appropriate title. Academic scholars and research authorities have research useful finding to improve research methods and have set certain standards for selecting topic and preparing appropriate titles for scholarly studies. These standards include topic specificity, topic significance, lack of redundancy in topics, and topic transparency. Respecting these standards takes a lot of experience and care. An investigation of the above standards in over 80 research article in authoritative Arabic language and literature journals reveals that, except for a small number, the bulk of the published articles suffer from such short-comings as having too broad topics, Cliché topics, too long or obscure titles, which reveals lack of care or obscure titles which reveals lack of care or even lack of sufficient awareness about the bases and principles of research methodology. Key words: research article, topic selection, title drafting, Arabic literature

Abstract The poets of lyrical poetry usually take advantage of various ways. One method used to compose love poetry is usage of alphabetic letters. Other than the combination of letters in order to create new words and meanings, Arabic letters of alphabet basically have another literary role – discussed in this paper – that of outward shape of the letter which has been used to create the most beautiful examples of love poetry. Since the Arabic letters are also used in Persian we discuss the samples of Arabic and Persian poetry. Key words: love poetry, alphabetic letters, Persian and Arabic poetry

Abstract Utopia is an ideal society imagined and dreamed by most great thinkers . It originated in Plato’s idealism in the book “ Republica ” . This article deals with Fawzi Ma’louf ’s utopia in the ode: «Ala Besat al - Rih». He is a well- known poet of Arabic Romanticism. In this paper, first the conception of utopia and the reason of it’s predominance in romanticism are examined , followed by a brief introduction to the ode. Regarding the narrative structure of the ode, we will discuss the drama elements such as : conflict , dialogue , time and place , used here to depict the poet’s utopia , Next section is devoted to the function and role of romantic imagination in creating poet’s ideal world . In the final section , we will demonstrate that freedom as the greatest dream of the poet, includes ideal concepts such as : peace, justice, true love and eternity . Key words: Fawzi Ma’louf , ’Ala Besat al - Rih , utopia , freedom

Abstract Abd al - Salam al-’Ujayli is a Syrian physician, literary man and novelist. By his specific style and personal method in expression and description, al-’Ujayli is a link between leading authors of thirty and forty decades of twenty century on one hand, and innovators of fifty and sixty decades on the other hand. His literary works are a combination of abilities of these two generations. His style is nice, easy, and without difficult literary features. Other distinguished characters of his style are eloquence and usage of scientific words. His characters come from all classes of the society. The most significant subjects of his stories, which are closely related to people’s problems, are derived from his own personal life experiments or various social events or from knowledge obtained through his numerous travels to different countries. Key words: ’Ujayli, Syria, modern Arabic literature, short story, content.

Abstract Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayyati(1926-1999) is one of those poets whose poems make frequent use of myths. Drawing on the ancient myths, and making modifications to them, he tries, while enriching his literary work, to express his views more cogently he does not simply retell the traditional myths, rather, he present new and richer interpretations of these myths and using defamiliarization, conveys his own experiences through them. A psychological analysis of the mythological characters shows that they in fact represent the poet himself in his works, revealing his wishes, desires, and intentions. His mythical characters are concerned and complain about the same sociopolitical issues, seeking political freedom and social justice. In a nutshell, it could be said that his mythical characters symbolize emotional humiliates, adventurism, nostalgic empathy sacrifice. This article intends to review mythology in contemporary Arabic poetry and uncover the employment and functions of myths such as Oedipus, Sisyphus, Jesus, Sandbad in Abd al- Wahhab al Bayyati. Key words: Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayyati, myth, Arabic poetry, function