research article
Ali Akbar Ahmadi Chenari
Abstract
Death is one of the most inspiring concepts in most of well-known contemporary Western and Arab poets’works,including T.S. Eliot and Badr Shakir al-Sayyab’s. It plays a unique role in shaping the modern poetry. This paper contains a comparative archetypal-based analysis of symbolic aspects of death ...
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Death is one of the most inspiring concepts in most of well-known contemporary Western and Arab poets’works,including T.S. Eliot and Badr Shakir al-Sayyab’s. It plays a unique role in shaping the modern poetry. This paper contains a comparative archetypal-based analysis of symbolic aspects of death in “The Waste Land”, the most famous literary work by T.S.Eliot whose impression on al-Sayyab was extensive. The basis of the literary analysis in the field of psychoanalytic criticism is Jung's theory of archetypes. According to him, archetypes model human behavior and are primordial concepts and images accumulated during time as collective unconsciousness, and human is inspired by them to evolve instinctively his own character. Poetic inspiration is one important field through which Jungian archetypes display themselves. This paper studies these symbolic features common in “The Waste Land” and al-Sayyab’s poetry.
research article
Hossein Imanian
Abstract
Since the second century (lunar calendar) in Arabic literary criticism, the question of whether poetry should stay clear of philosophy, science, and thought or the poet can enjoy using them, has come to the fore. Naturally, before Muslims get familiar with Greek, Indian, and Persian-rooted knowledge, ...
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Since the second century (lunar calendar) in Arabic literary criticism, the question of whether poetry should stay clear of philosophy, science, and thought or the poet can enjoy using them, has come to the fore. Naturally, before Muslims get familiar with Greek, Indian, and Persian-rooted knowledge, philosophy, culture, and civilization (which were under the influence of such translations) there was no sign of such arguments. But the time when some of Abbasid poets longed to embellish their art with a tint of knowledge and thought, some conservative and trenchant Arabic-fervid critics rebuked the idea sharply. This skirmish turned into a bitter critical conflict when Abu Tammam employed the aforementioned method both in theory and practice. The altercation between these two groups has in fact been a conflict between the supporters of tradition and modernity in literature, art, and, of course, the society is Abbasid epoch. In Persian literature Khaghani’s poems are the most identical to Abu Tammam’s. Khaghani also believed that a poet should not talk in a way that be grasped easily and this is the audience who have to increase his knowledge in order to understand the poet’s tongue. The method these two poets adopted in Persian and Arabic literature came to be known as “Technical School”. Poet, in this method, expresses his lofty thoughts aesthetically. The present study investigates the unintelligible aspects of Khaghani’s and Abu Tammam’s poems. The hard-to-grasp aspect of these two poets’ poems has occasionally been a corollary of the style of these two formalist artists and at times a feature of using wonderful themes and philosophical and logical meanings as well as historical and mythical allusions
research article
Ahmad Reza Heidarian Shahri
Abstract
Badr Shakir al- Sayyab)1926-1964)the Iraqi poet ,known as the pioneer of new movement in Arabic poetry, is famous for his extensive use of symbols and myths in his works ,some of which are related to apocalyptic views. In modern Persian literature Forough Farrokhzad )1313-1345( is considered one of ...
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Badr Shakir al- Sayyab)1926-1964)the Iraqi poet ,known as the pioneer of new movement in Arabic poetry, is famous for his extensive use of symbols and myths in his works ,some of which are related to apocalyptic views. In modern Persian literature Forough Farrokhzad )1313-1345( is considered one of the most prominent poets in the realm of apocalyptic literature. The present article , a descriptive-comparative research aims at the delineation of apocalyptic viewpoints in Sayyab’s ode: “The Dream of Year 1956” and Farrokhzad’s “Terrestrial Verses”. It describes the two poets’ approach to apocalyptic ideas and compares their apocalyptic vision in its similarity and variety and explains the symbols and allusions used in two works.The results of the research display that the two poets depicted the disastrous crisis of the end of the time and they both emphasized the catastrophic events of human societies. What makes a distinctive differentiation between the two odes is the poet’s final vision which is optimistic in Sayyab’s poem and pessimistic in Farrokhzad’s ode.
research article
Ovais Mohammadi; Zeinab Sadeghi
Abstract
Ghada al-Saman has been affected in her short story:” A Man in the Alley” by the theory of some feminist writers like Simone de Beauvoir. Using the existentialistic- feministic theory of de Beauvoir,she tried to highlight the idea of women’s oppression through cultures during time long before ...
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Ghada al-Saman has been affected in her short story:” A Man in the Alley” by the theory of some feminist writers like Simone de Beauvoir. Using the existentialistic- feministic theory of de Beauvoir,she tried to highlight the idea of women’s oppression through cultures during time long before its explanation by de Beauvoir. This short story depicts her endeavor for deconstructing the values of a patriarchal society .Denying the characteristics such as passiveness and otherness and anti-rationalism in women’s side in her short story, she insists on her own language, the most obvious characteristic of which is the extensive use of imaginary and poetic symbols.
research article
Yahya Ma’roof; Masoud Eghbali
Abstract
Pessimism, a phenomenon of deep effect over the contemporary poetry, both Arabic and Persian, usually enjoys a widespread usage in the periods of social, political and economic disorders which, in turn, affect the poets’ views and change their visions toward the Real. Elias Abu-Shabaka and Hushang ...
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Pessimism, a phenomenon of deep effect over the contemporary poetry, both Arabic and Persian, usually enjoys a widespread usage in the periods of social, political and economic disorders which, in turn, affect the poets’ views and change their visions toward the Real. Elias Abu-Shabaka and Hushang Ebtehaj are the poets of a modern disorderly era and environment. They both display a deep pessimistic view in their poetry towards the society and human beings. This research aims at analysis and comparison of their dark viewpoints in various topics and situations , and tries to find the factors which led to this specific vision.
research article
Hossein Nazeri; Razieh Khosravi
Abstract
Alienation ,a multi-aspects phenomenon is as old as human life .The scope of this phenomenon spans the romantic alienation ,yearning for the childhood and village, to psychological estrangement as a result of escape from self or political and social situation. In the recent era, the Palestinians, more ...
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Alienation ,a multi-aspects phenomenon is as old as human life .The scope of this phenomenon spans the romantic alienation ,yearning for the childhood and village, to psychological estrangement as a result of escape from self or political and social situation. In the recent era, the Palestinians, more than any other nation, have been suffering from alienation, due to the confrontation with crises such as dispersion, homelessness and fear of colonialism and economic or political pressures. Jabra Ibrahim Jabra the Palestinian writer, poet and critic, who felt the pain of his compatriots, gives a plain picture of the concept in his works and mostly in his romans.” In Search of Walid Masoud” one of his most famous stories, dramatically reflects the estrangement in its various individual, social and cultural aspects ,specially through its usage of dramatic and internal monologue and the stream of consciousness. Using this method allows the characters to express their thoughts and so reflect their feeling of alienation.
research article
Ali Nowroozi
Abstract
Finger reckoning is one of the five types of signification(dalala),which al – Jahiz mentioned in his book, al–Bayan wa al–Tabyin . By this he meant a particular representing numbers by means of the outstretched or bent fingers and their various positions .Finger reckoning can be traced in some ...
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Finger reckoning is one of the five types of signification(dalala),which al – Jahiz mentioned in his book, al–Bayan wa al–Tabyin . By this he meant a particular representing numbers by means of the outstretched or bent fingers and their various positions .Finger reckoning can be traced in some prose and verse writings and Traditional(Hadith) sources; for example, in a recorded speech through which Abu-Talib expressed his faith in Islam. This is by far the best evidence for the prevalence of finger reckoning among the Arab in ancient periods. It is impossible to understand such literary texts without being familiar with this method of counting.
The present article aims at investigating finger reckoning according to Arabic manuscripts and comparing its symbols with those found in Pacioli’s book , Suma. Then it tries to explain some texts which could not be understood unless through the familiarity with finger symbols.
