research article
Hossein Imanian
Abstract
Abu Mansoor Thaalabi refers to three royal courts of his era in his book “Yatimat Al-Dahr”: Harun-al-Rashid in Baghdad, Sayf-al-Dawla al-Hamadani in Aleppo, and Sahib-ibn Abbad in Rey. The first was a caliph, the second a king, and the third a vizier. The charisma and generosity of these three figures ...
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Abu Mansoor Thaalabi refers to three royal courts of his era in his book “Yatimat Al-Dahr”: Harun-al-Rashid in Baghdad, Sayf-al-Dawla al-Hamadani in Aleppo, and Sahib-ibn Abbad in Rey. The first was a caliph, the second a king, and the third a vizier. The charisma and generosity of these three figures attracted a huge number of scholars, poets, writers and artists, which led to cultural and scientific developments. There are several Islamic–Arabic folklore stories referring to the heroic, superhuman and mythical characteristics of these figures. In this article, after providing a short biography, we would look at the sources of the charisma recorded in history. Among the sources, we can mention religiosity, knowledge, political skills, intellectual and religious tolerance, bravery in the battle fields, and having a good sense of literature. In spite of some negative characteristics attributed to them, they could benefit from the duality as another source of their charisma to influence the scholars. In fact, they could make best use of the power sources they enjoyed.
research article
Ali Asghar Habibi
Abstract
Zakirat-al-Jasad (Memory of the Flesh), written by AhlamMostaqanemi is a sociopolitical romantic novel that has won Noor award as the best feminine work in the Arab world. Among narration structures, the time element is very significant in this novel. Various theories are presented about narrative time. ...
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Zakirat-al-Jasad (Memory of the Flesh), written by AhlamMostaqanemi is a sociopolitical romantic novel that has won Noor award as the best feminine work in the Arab world. Among narration structures, the time element is very significant in this novel. Various theories are presented about narrative time. The most complete theory about time element in novel is Gerard Genette’s theory which has presented an independent theory about narrative time. According to Genette, narration time is formed by considering three time elements: order, duration and frequency. By studying order, time duration compared with calendar time, position of time becomes understandable in the process of forming plot. Using a descriptive-analytical method, in this paper, the author tries to study the dimensions and different narrative time elements in Zakirat-al-Jasad novel based on Gerard Genette's theory. The study of narration time in this novel shows that the narrative is based on time break method and discrete non-linear movements. Narration form has a circular loop in such a way that the end of novel is directly related to its beginning. By this aesthetic technique, Mostaqanemi has selected different options and presented retrospective and introspective narrations. Because of the descriptive delays and frequent use of description, poetic style, mental action, verbs and social commitment of writer, narration speed is low.
research article
Mahmood Heidari; Zabihollah Fathi Fath
Abstract
Surrealism is a literary school originating in Europe, which found its way into the literature of other nations ,including Arabic literature and thus having an impact on them. Egypt is one of the world's leading Arab nations in fiction. Egyptian writers’ familiarity with European literature opened ...
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Surrealism is a literary school originating in Europe, which found its way into the literature of other nations ,including Arabic literature and thus having an impact on them. Egypt is one of the world's leading Arab nations in fiction. Egyptian writers’ familiarity with European literature opened a new gate for the literary currents. Naguib Mahfouz, the great Egyptian writer and Nobel Prize winner in 1988, is one of those authors some of whose stories reflects surrealism. In his famous story, al-Shahhaz(The Beggar), NaguibMahfouz presents an image of a poet who suffers from a conflict while trying to deal with the modern world. This story shows how the artist tries to resolve those conflicts. The works done by the characters and the writer's processing techniques move the reader into the school of Surrealism and its principles and procedures. In this paper, we examine the principles and techniques of surrealism in al-Shahhaz story.
research article
Hadis Darabi; Yahya Ma’roof
Abstract
Ezz-al-Din Abd-al-salam Maghdesi is one of the most famous mystic and sufi poets in the 7thcentury.One of his most popular symbolic works is “Kashf-al-Asrar fi Hekam al-Toiour wa-al-Azhar”. To express his Sufist thoughts in this work, he used a lot of mystical language in his poems. In the arrangement ...
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Ezz-al-Din Abd-al-salam Maghdesi is one of the most famous mystic and sufi poets in the 7thcentury.One of his most popular symbolic works is “Kashf-al-Asrar fi Hekam al-Toiour wa-al-Azhar”. To express his Sufist thoughts in this work, he used a lot of mystical language in his poems. In the arrangement of one part of his book, he used the same kind of birds as Attar used for moving toward Simorgh(Phoenix) so that everyone can find his devotion to Attar in his works. Based on the French school of comparative literature, this article deals with the influence of Attar’s book “Mantegh-al-Tair” on Maghdesi in using bird symbols like: nightingale, eagle, hoopoe, peacock duck and phoenix (Simorgh). He also had an eye on symbols like “wax and candle”, “butterfly and candle” and other mystic points, already used in “MokhtarNameh” by Attar. On the other hand, comparing this book with the other Attar's works, we can find traces of points and mystic symbols of Attar in Maghdesi’s works.
research article
Amir Saleh Ma’soumi; Mohammad Khaghani; Mohammad Reza Ibnorrasoul
Abstract
As a one of the most important figures of speech among linguistic phenomena, metonymy is considered to be a factor involved in understanding the meaning of the speaker's intention correctly, hence it is frequently investigated from various aspects of literature, principles of jurisprudence and theology. ...
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As a one of the most important figures of speech among linguistic phenomena, metonymy is considered to be a factor involved in understanding the meaning of the speaker's intention correctly, hence it is frequently investigated from various aspects of literature, principles of jurisprudence and theology. Ibn Jinni was a famous grammarian and linguist in the 4th century A.H (10th century AD) who had a very different observation on metonymy. In his point of view, metonymy has a great extent of usage, so that a large number of words used in any languages are considered to be metonymic. This idea leads to the difficulty of distinguishing metonymy from true meaning and as a result can affect or change one of the well-known theories in principles of jurisprudence called the Authenticity of Truth. Thus, using descriptive - analytical method, this article studies the viewpoint of Ibn Jinni about the metonymy and the consequences of accepting his theory with regard to the Authenticity of Truth. It seems that there are serious restrictions in using this principle contrary to what has been claimed in principles of jurisprudence.
research article
Houman Nazemian
Abstract
Russian formalists made great changes in the literary critics in the 20th Century putting forth subjects like defamiliarization and foregrounding. Their purpose was to establish an independent science for studying literary works. However, they went to extremes so that they laid external factors aside ...
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Russian formalists made great changes in the literary critics in the 20th Century putting forth subjects like defamiliarization and foregrounding. Their purpose was to establish an independent science for studying literary works. However, they went to extremes so that they laid external factors aside and tried to find literariness solely in the text. Although the holy Quran is not a literary text, every verse and chapter has literary beauties, so that we can study it through different methods. The purpose of this article is to study the Sura al-Waghi'a from the formalist viewpoints of defamiliarization and Foregrounding. This research shows that many of senses and natural phenomena which are ordinary for people, became strange and fore grounded by defamiliarization and over regularization via phonetic, verbal and syntactic parallelism.
research article
Ali Najafi Ivaki; Sayyed Reza Mirahmadi
Abstract
The ode “Buka'iyya Ila Shams Haziran” is considered as one of the critical and extreme poems of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati, the significant contemporary Arab literary figure (1999-1926). Applying a simple language which is also vague in some aspects, the poem is allocated to presenting social and political ...
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The ode “Buka'iyya Ila Shams Haziran” is considered as one of the critical and extreme poems of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati, the significant contemporary Arab literary figure (1999-1926). Applying a simple language which is also vague in some aspects, the poem is allocated to presenting social and political conditions of Arab countries and analyzing the reasons associated with 1967 June defeat. As Bayati deems himself responsible for social problems and in this respect, caring about the society is the most basic tribulation of his poetry. The present research focuses on evaluating the stylistic literary view of the poem and tries to provide a literary criticism of this work by analyzing its linguistic, literary and mental concepts. The significant stylistic manifestations of the present work are: breaking the rules of traditional poetry, paying attention to past time, symbolism and documentary vision. In addition, to present his actual thoughts, the poet uses the appropriate linguistic devices in such a professional way that the balance of mental and linguistic aspects can be seen obviously and perfectly. Also, the mental aspect of the present literary work indicated that although Bayati didn’t directly represent his desires and ambitions, the fact that he invited all Arabs to cooperation and political revolution is implied proficiently.
research article
Ali Nowroozi; Fatemeh Sahraie
Abstract
This article aims at proving the prevalence of the surrealistic characteristics in Zakariyya Tamir`s first short story collection entitled Sahil al-Jawad al-Abyad (The Neighing of the White Steed).Although this contemporary Syrian author was influenced directly by the works of the surrealist authors ...
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This article aims at proving the prevalence of the surrealistic characteristics in Zakariyya Tamir`s first short story collection entitled Sahil al-Jawad al-Abyad (The Neighing of the White Steed).Although this contemporary Syrian author was influenced directly by the works of the surrealist authors like Sartre and Camus and Kafka, he managed to digest classical forms and customize western literary schools as well. Tamir was influenced by literary movements and thereby explained his national and regional problems. Ideas such as absurdism and death phobia and seeking refuge to the world of dreams and imagination are but few examples of surrealistic features which he has artistically illustrated. In this study we have first enumerated the most important principles of surrealism based on which we may trace this influential literary school in the aforementioned collection. It should be noted that all the eleven stories in the collection have been investigated to prove the prevalent surrealistic thought in this literary work.
