research article
somayeh Bigghalejogh; shossein seyedi
Abstract
The concept of literariness and its components is one of the most contentious issues in the field of literary criticism, which has yet to submit a definitive and specific definition, despite the efforts of many critics and literati; Adonis, a prominent Arab theorist, and critic, is one of the few critics ...
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The concept of literariness and its components is one of the most contentious issues in the field of literary criticism, which has yet to submit a definitive and specific definition, despite the efforts of many critics and literati; Adonis, a prominent Arab theorist, and critic, is one of the few critics who has been able to propound new theories about literariness. His views in this field have gone beyond the limited definition of poetry and have entered a broader field, literary theory. Therefore, in the present article, using the descriptive-analytical method, we have studied the concept of literariness and its components, this time from Adonis's point of view. What emphasizes the need for such research is that finding Adonis's special view on the subject of literariness and its components paves the way for a more accurate understanding of his poetic theory and highlights his unique position as a literary theorist. Thus, the purpose of the authors in this study is to explain the concept of literariness from the perspective of Adonis and to achieve this, we first explained the concept of literariness and its most components based on the opinions of Arab and Western critics then, by comparing these foundations, with the literary theories of Adonis, we tried to reach his literariness views. The results of the research indicate that Adonis, in his theory of literariness, uses the word poetry as an equivalent for literariness, and, like Western and Arabic critics, he has used literariness as a theory for reflection in the aesthetic judgments of the text. In addition, from his point of view, the writing stage is like a link between the first stage (oral) and the third stage (literary modernity) , and poetry at this stage becomes an open structure with many views.
research article
Literary Criticism
hojjat rasouli; sheler ahmadi
Abstract
The prominent critic of Arabic literature of the 4th century AH, Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi, in comparison with the works of his contemporaries and predecessors, in his work Ayar al-She’r, has a distinctive way of criticizing Arabic literature. Ibn Tabataba specifically dealt with poetry as an artistic ...
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The prominent critic of Arabic literature of the 4th century AH, Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi, in comparison with the works of his contemporaries and predecessors, in his work Ayar al-She’r, has a distinctive way of criticizing Arabic literature. Ibn Tabataba specifically dealt with poetry as an artistic industry and made the structure and order of poetry the main focus of his discussion, in such a way that through his statements one can see the subtle distinction between different types of literature such as verse, prose, poetry and the different foundations of literary works. Now, since Ibn Tabataba's focus is on the poetry industry and, on the other hand, some researchers believe that the old Arabic criticism is a form-oriented criticism, we are going to show what the critical opinions of Ibn Tabataba in Ayar al-She'r are, within the framework of the principles of Russian formalism; and how much it is possible to consider Ibn Tabataba as subject to this general rule and look him as a critic with a formalist approach. Also, to what extent the evidence available in Ayar al-She’r strengthens this hypothesis, that the ancient Arabic literary criticism is formalist criticism. Therefore, in this research, the critical opinions of Ibn Tabataba in the book Ayar al-She’r were discussed based on the main characteristics of the Russian formalism approach and, through the descriptive-content analysis method. The result of the research showed that Ibn Tabataba is at the head of critics who have a formalistic approach and his critical opinions strengthen this hypothesis, that the old Arabic criticism is a formalistic criticism.
Original Article
Literary Criticism
rasool khammar; seyyed mahdi nouri; Abbas Ganjali; hossein shamsabadi
Abstract
In contemporary literature, poets, writers and artists have shown special attention to symbols in their literary works, including poems, stories, plays, etc. One of the manifestations of symbolism is the calling of various historical, religious, mythological, etc. figures in contemporary Arabic poetry. ...
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In contemporary literature, poets, writers and artists have shown special attention to symbols in their literary works, including poems, stories, plays, etc. One of the manifestations of symbolism is the calling of various historical, religious, mythological, etc. figures in contemporary Arabic poetry. A contemporary poet, like a historian, does not look at history only through the lens of historical data and their logical connection, but adds dimensions to historical characters from his own experiences and according to the current conditions of his society, and thus spiritual concepts and dynamic implications. It conveys what it wants to the mind of the reader. One of the characters that has a meaningful presence in the poetry of some contemporary poets is Meysam Tammar, the companion of the Prophet and the faithful friend of Imam Ali (AS). In the present article, the symbolic appeal of this character in the poetry of two contemporary Arab poets, namely " Jasim al-Sahayyeh " from Saudi Arabia and "Hasan AleHatit al-Amili" from Lebanon, has been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way. Since no research has been done on the invocation of Maysham Temar's character in contemporary Arabic poetry, it is important and necessary to investigate this issue. The results of the discussion show that Maisham's character traits such as righteousness, truth-telling, frankness of speech, persistence against oppressors and their scandalization have made contemporary poets, including the two mentioned poets, make his character the center of their poems. These two poets identified themselves with Maitham and called him in their poetry and tried to explain the problems and political and cultural disturbances of the society and their experiences, concerns and reform ideas beyond Maitham's personality.
research article
Semiotics
Golafrooz Mohebi; rouhollah saiiady; Amirhossein Rasoulnia; Abbas Eghbali
Abstract
Structural criticism is one of the analyses that flourished in the direction of meaning generation in the 20th century following Saussure's semiotics. "Roland Barthes" - a French semiotician and theorist - is among the critics of structuralism, the importance of his theories is in the pursuit of evolution ...
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Structural criticism is one of the analyses that flourished in the direction of meaning generation in the 20th century following Saussure's semiotics. "Roland Barthes" - a French semiotician and theorist - is among the critics of structuralism, the importance of his theories is in the pursuit of evolution and semiotic adventure and the creation of a kind of intellectual vitality in analysis, modern criticism and the flow of structuralism. He has presented a code-based model for text analysis, beyond which, with the help of the context of the text, it is possible to analyse the structure of different texts, without the need for the presence of the author, and only with the help of the expressive language of the text. This meaning-making model, which recognizes ciphers as the voice of the text, consists of; There are hermeneutic or enigmatic codes, proiretic or active codes, meaningful or implicit codes, symbolic or confrontational codes, and cultural or referential codes. The main goal of this article is the application of Barth's analysis approach to the meaning analysis and interpretation of the written text (Lekol'' Amree Min Dahreh Ma Ta'awda) by Motanbi, which is based on descriptive-analytical method. The result of the research shows that Barth's cryptography model shows the presence of ciphers in different parts of the body of the text, which shows a kind of semantic dispersion at the level of the text, and it can also be applied to classical poems. Revealing hermeneutic codes the poem is for the introduction of Saif al-Dawlah. Action codes it also narrates his fighting as the main actor. Semantic ciphers and symbolic in pursuit of creating meaning for the two main and active characters of the text, Saif al-Dawlah and Mantabi, they have put two groups of good and evil in front of each other.
research article
Linguistics
Shahriar Hemmati; Hamed Poorheshmati
Abstract
The village has a great place in the path of contemporary narrative discourse and its narrative calling flaunts in the bed of ballades content and their sensitive images focal. Using various conceptual connotations, the village changes its functions in different situations based on the type of interaction ...
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The village has a great place in the path of contemporary narrative discourse and its narrative calling flaunts in the bed of ballades content and their sensitive images focal. Using various conceptual connotations, the village changes its functions in different situations based on the type of interaction of the poet and his degree of dependence on topics that have a realistic or dreamlike relationship with this place. Mohammad Afifi Matar is a great Egyptian poet who views the village as an open place with narrative mechanisms and characteristics with rich implications and concepts, and he emphasizes on the importance to the scenes of his hometown village and the needs of its inhabitants or the quality of the functioning of the village in the framework of technical pictures. The local quality of the village that has in his poetry, introduces the reader to a series of real or unreal events and invites him to more sympathize and presence of the narrative process. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method that it proceeds the narrative of the village in Mohammad Afifi Matar's poem and the result of the research suggests that the poet at describing the village is a wise narrator who has an influential presence in the process of its occurrence and presents them in three main aspects that are the nostalgia of the village which is related to the childhood of the poet and his past, and the other is the expression of an optimistic image, which is expressed in natural oriented and manifestations of richness, pretentiousness and its freestanding, and it approaches to being ideal. Then, a dark tragedy is usually related to the natural and social life of the village and appears in the drought and poverty and the hunger of its inhabitants.
research article
Literary Criticism
seyyed mehdi masboogh; Rasoul Fathi Mozaffari; Javad Mohammadzade
Abstract
This study deals with the position of the poets Abu Alaa Maari and Khagani shervani of women. That Abu Ala Marri was a poet blind pessimistic make it a modern pessimism indignant on the life of the world and their children, particularly women. The Khagani shervani, is of Persian poets, best known for ...
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This study deals with the position of the poets Abu Alaa Maari and Khagani shervani of women. That Abu Ala Marri was a poet blind pessimistic make it a modern pessimism indignant on the life of the world and their children, particularly women. The Khagani shervani, is of Persian poets, best known for his poems and vaguely subtle meanings as famous Pichaamh where some scholars believe it was one of the most pessimistic Persian poets for women. This study attempts to rely on the American school of comparative Literature shed light on the different recombinant and poets in the position of women and girls alom, wife and beloved; Private and public reasons which made her review and that in extreme hostility to women The study concludes that the position of women poets as one does not take a hostile character is not to hate and hate them because they haven and very quiet in the neighborhood. As for the girl vlihama joy of her death and burial, with different motives andahma. Then spinning the meanings of place among the general style and poets effort was limited to repeating the old meanings and spinning in such case because the hair of their time in the industry was not able to review them new meanings. The Khagani for Arri has more than spinning meanings and ojadha. poets effort was limited to repeating the old meanings and spinning in such case because the hair of their time in the industry was not able to review them new meanings. The Khagani for Arri has more than spinning meanings and ojadha.
Original Article
Semantics
Yousef mottaqiannia; Abdolvahid Navidi
Abstract
Many researchers and sociologists have tried to investigate social conflict, its phenomena and results in human society. coser was influenced by Marxist thought and emphasized that social conflict arises when incompatible goals, whether tangible or intangible, collide. Since there is a deep-rooted and ...
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Many researchers and sociologists have tried to investigate social conflict, its phenomena and results in human society. coser was influenced by Marxist thought and emphasized that social conflict arises when incompatible goals, whether tangible or intangible, collide. Since there is a deep-rooted and consistent relationship between literature and society, literature is affected by its social context. It can be said that every literary text is a social experience and a tool for evaluating society, which is responsible for identifying social confrontations and can prevent them from occurring. Since this novel deals with the concerns of orphans, homeless poor and society reformers as well as their tragedies and portrays their conflicts with society and those in power, the researchers decided to investigate with a descriptive analytical method and relying on coser's theory. Their goal is to analyze and examine the conflicting representations and their role in the formation of social and ideological relations and the discourse governing the novel. What motivated the researchers to choose this topic is that the study of literature, especially the novel, from a sociological perspective and the application of sociological mechanisms, provides a new and accurate perspective in analysis and foundations. One of the most important findings of the research is that all types of contrasts exist in the text based on coser's theory, and power plays a decisive role in the real contrast. When the two protagonists of the novel realized that they are far from the political and fateful decisions and have no stake in them, their tension with the authorities and those in power increased and made the conflict unrealistic. Internal conflict is also manifested in conflicting goals and beliefs within society, where self-interest is the main goal.
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