research article
Golafrooz Mohebi; rouhollah saiiady; Amirhossein Rasoulnia; Abbas Eghbali
Abstract
Structural criticism is one of the analyses that flourished in the direction of meaning generation in the 20th century following Saussure's semiotics. "Roland Barthes" - a French semiotician and theorist - is among the critics of structuralism, the importance of his theories is in the pursuit of evolution ...
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Structural criticism is one of the analyses that flourished in the direction of meaning generation in the 20th century following Saussure's semiotics. "Roland Barthes" - a French semiotician and theorist - is among the critics of structuralism, the importance of his theories is in the pursuit of evolution and semiotic adventure and the creation of a kind of intellectual vitality in analysis, modern criticism and the flow of structuralism. He has presented a code-based model for text analysis, beyond which, with the help of the context of the text, it is possible to analyse the structure of different texts, without the need for the presence of the author, and only with the help of the expressive language of the text. This meaning-making model, which recognizes ciphers as the voice of the text, consists of; There are hermeneutic or enigmatic codes, proiretic or active codes, meaningful or implicit codes, symbolic or confrontational codes, and cultural or referential codes. The main goal of this article is the application of Barth's analysis approach to the meaning analysis and interpretation of the written text (Lekol'' Amree Min Dahreh Ma Ta'awda) by Motanbi, which is based on descriptive-analytical method. The result of the research shows that Barth's cryptography model shows the presence of ciphers in different parts of the body of the text, which shows a kind of semantic dispersion at the level of the text, and it can also be applied to classical poems. Revealing hermeneutic codes the poem is for the introduction of Saif al-Dawlah. Action codes it also narrates his fighting as the main actor. Semantic ciphers and symbolic in pursuit of creating meaning for the two main and active characters of the text, Saif al-Dawlah and Mantabi, they have put two groups of good and evil in front of each other.
research article
ali purhamdanian; hojjat rasouli; Amir Farhangnia
Abstract
Cultural criticism is one of the most important stages of critical maturity. Cultural criticism has been given direct attention to the issues and challenges that a person has faced in the struggle of changes and transformations in the contemporary world. The theory of cultural patterns, which seeks the ...
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Cultural criticism is one of the most important stages of critical maturity. Cultural criticism has been given direct attention to the issues and challenges that a person has faced in the struggle of changes and transformations in the contemporary world. The theory of cultural patterns, which seeks the connection between the hidden and rooted cultural patterns in human culture and literature, is one of the most important fields of cultural criticism it found its place in Arabic culture by Abdullah Al-Ghadami. Cities of Salt, a quintet by Abdul Rahman Munif is one of the most important Arab novels; its main focus is on the encounter between the West and the Arabs. This quintet has brought up important cultural and social issues, which cannot be analyzed in detail except through the lens of cultural criticism. This study was conducted to examine the challenging cultural patterns of the West in the face of Arab implicit cultural patterns, as well as the position of Arab characters and their patterns in the face of other cultural manifestations. The descriptive-analytical method was used based on the analysis of cultural criticism of the cultural systems theory, according to Abdullah Al-Ghadami’s opinions. The importance of studying Cities of Salt is from the perspective of the cultural pattern in the dual vision between Arab and Western, as well as dealing with cultural patterns and their determining role in the coexistence between the two cultures. The purpose of this study is to uncover the challenging dimension related to the cultural patterns of the two cultures and also the prevailing view of Arabic and Western descent to each other in the quintet Cities of Salt.
research article
sanaz toghi; Amirhossein Rasoulnia; Ali najafi ivaki
Abstract
one of the basic foundations of every story is based on the element of time and basically the shape of every narrative is the drawing of events within the framework of time. But time confusion in narrating events sometimes replaces the usual and logical narration of the flow of a story. Sinan Antwan ...
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one of the basic foundations of every story is based on the element of time and basically the shape of every narrative is the drawing of events within the framework of time. But time confusion in narrating events sometimes replaces the usual and logical narration of the flow of a story. Sinan Antwan is one of the famous Arabic writers who by adopting the method of intertwining times in the field of novels and challenging the time of events have created a new style in disrupting the narrative of the present tense which is considered by many contemporary narratologists. In the light of this issue, the current study aimed to analyze the application of flashback technique in Al-Fahras novel and reading the effective factors in the time displacement in it based on descriptive –analytical method with relying to Gerard Gennet's theory of narrative time, which according to critics is the most complete theory in the concept of narrative time. In fact purpose of the article is to discover the causes of temporal instability and return to the past in the narrative. Naturally to explain the basics of the time component of Gennet's narration in order to understand the factors influencing on this time deviation and creating a suitable platform to easy reading of novel by the audience is necessary .The results of current study indicates that internal flashback indicator is the most obvious component of the temporal manifestations of the Al-Fahres narrative which in the shadow of motives such as sadness, fear , apprehension and the feeling of pleasure has been able to confront the audience with ambiguity in perceiving and discovery of the linking loop of time events by breaking the linear routine of time.
Original Article
Parviz Ahmadzadeh houch; jafar amshasfand; Shahla Heidari
Abstract
In measuring the consistency of the text, and proving the textuality of its non-textuality, one of the most obvious elements that enters the field is the element of reference. Because it deals with linguistic and grammatical explanation and analyzes the text, and harmonizes its criteria to reveal the ...
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In measuring the consistency of the text, and proving the textuality of its non-textuality, one of the most obvious elements that enters the field is the element of reference. Because it deals with linguistic and grammatical explanation and analyzes the text, and harmonizes its criteria to reveal the scope of its semantic concepts. Also, its mission is to explain the meaning of that text, which it uses as a means of revealing and proving the texts by using linguistic schemes. Therefore, reference is one of the most important tools that can reveal the relationships hidden in the text, and proves the coherence of the text. that in this exploration, the words of the text are connected to each other linguistically and grammatically. Reference appears through pronouns, demonstrative nouns, relative nouns, and comparatives. in this research, and relying on the descriptive and analytical approach, the most important results were obtained that show that the external reference in the poetic text of Adonis may contain the facts of the world around it, as in many of his poems it shows a situation that in It deals with specific characters. These cases appeared in the first person and second person pronouns, and because the texts work more effectively, the poet uses them in special situations. It was also found that referencing is one of the most powerful parts of reference used in the text, as it appears to be highly consistent. The textual criteria in the above poetry collection were in different ratios between linguistic and pragmatic, and this relationship created harmony between the poetic parts. regarding the examination of the difference between the element of substitution and the element of reference mentioned in the research, the result was that the referenceپ
research article
MohamadJavad EsmaeilGhanemi; Ali Saki; Sohad jaderi
Abstract
The poet Sayyid Abd alMuttalib alHilli has many trends in his poems, the most important of which is the religious trend. Because he is considered a clergyman, and he was raised and raised in an Iraqi family that has Shiite sectarian stamps. Most of these trends were evident in his lamentation for the ...
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The poet Sayyid Abd alMuttalib alHilli has many trends in his poems, the most important of which is the religious trend. Because he is considered a clergyman, and he was raised and raised in an Iraqi family that has Shiite sectarian stamps. Most of these trends were evident in his lamentation for the family of the Prophet in general and Imam Hussein in particular, mentioning what happened to him and his household and his companions on the day of Taff in the land of Karbala. In the crystallization of the elegiac vision, the religious and sectarian orientation appears to us, then we realize the social and political dimension through its religious tendencies, its affiliations to the Ottoman government and then its loyalty to clerics such as Sheikh Sayyid Kazem Khorasani. In the light of this type of literature, tendencies and desires appear, and decisive stances are taken. This article came to show the poet's religious positions through the analytical study, praising his noble and courageous stances on the issues of the Islamic nation and defending the Islamic religion and the people of the house. Some of the results indicate that the master cared a lot about explaining the positions of Imam Hussein, his companions, and his family to advocate the truth and defend the principles of Sharia until sacrifice and redemption, as well as some clerics who fabricated diligence in acquiring legal sciences and jihad for the sake of God. Through this, the poet drew painful pictures for us of the events of the Day of Kindness and what happened in terms of killing, looting, and captivity of Al-Mustafa’s sanctuary, and the effect of that religious trend that the poet took shows us to explain what happened and happened to the companions of the Sharia throughout history.
Original Article
Ali Bagheri; Aliakbar Noresideh; Ali Zeighami
Abstract
Communicative implication is a pragmatic tendency that examines meaning in the use of language. This theory goes beyond the structure and components of language and examines the role of language in the context, surrounding conditions of the text, speaker and listener. The theory of communicative implication ...
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Communicative implication is a pragmatic tendency that examines meaning in the use of language. This theory goes beyond the structure and components of language and examines the role of language in the context, surrounding conditions of the text, speaker and listener. The theory of communicative implication is based on the principle of cooperation that was presented by Paul Grice and its purpose was that the parties of the discourse follow its rules. Four rules are branched from this principle, which are: the rule of quantity, quality, the rule of appropriateness and the rule of style. Compliance with these rules in speech leads to an equality between the literal meaning and the implicit meaning, but as soon as any of these rules are violated, the speech tends to the implicit and hidden meaning. Nahj al-Balagheh benefits from a dynamic discourse in which language is used in a functional and communicative manner, therefore, in order to discover its meanings, it requires a lot of meditation and appropriate theory. This article tries to find the intentions and implicit meaning of Nahj al-Balagheh's letters by relying on the analytical descriptive method and providing statistics through communication implications and the four rules of Grice's principle of cooperation theory. One of the achievements of this research is that the use of language in Imam's letters is not only for the production of sentences and parts of speech, but its practical and communicative role is evident through the expression of intentions implicitly. These implicit intentions require a suggestive strategy that violates each of the four rules of quantity, quality, appropriateness, and method.
Original Article
seyyed mehdi masboogh; Hossein Rajabiala
Abstract
Pragmatics examines language in a specific context and situation to explain the speaker's goals and intended meanings that he intends to convey to the audience. "presupposition", as one of the components of linguistics, examines the information that previously existed between the speaker and the listener, ...
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Pragmatics examines language in a specific context and situation to explain the speaker's goals and intended meanings that he intends to convey to the audience. "presupposition", as one of the components of linguistics, examines the information that previously existed between the speaker and the listener, and the speaker assumes that the listener is aware of some information. As a religious and valuable book, Nahj al-Balagha is considered an important and rich source for human guidance. Undoubtedly, settling for its apparent meanings means not understanding the valuable concepts of this eternal book. Moreover, in the depth of his apparent words, he points to deep issues that require more detailed examination and study. In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method and the pragmatic cognitive approach, ninety numbers examples of Nahj al-Balagha proverbs were criticized and analyzed based on the book "Proverbs and wisdom extrac ted from Nahj al-Balagha" written by Mohammad Al-Gharavi. The way to read and get a more accurate understanding of the predictions hidden in these proverbs. The results of his research showed that Imam Ali presented his desired moral, social and political concepts in the form of words and phrases with hidden meanings, which shows Imam Ali's linguistic and communication ability. in the path of achieving these hidden meanings, relying on structural, existential, realistic and unrealistic presupposition, he has established a better relationship with the audience and the assumptions hidden in his mind than the audience to invite more to think and reflect on the meanings hidden in proverbs.
research article
zahra haghayeghi; Marzieh Mabad
Abstract
Structuralism, a prominent method of literary criticism, highlights the crucial role of language in shaping literature, focusing on how linguistic structures contribute to meaning creation. This approach, rooted in the study of signs and symbols within language, examines texts not merely as individual ...
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Structuralism, a prominent method of literary criticism, highlights the crucial role of language in shaping literature, focusing on how linguistic structures contribute to meaning creation. This approach, rooted in the study of signs and symbols within language, examines texts not merely as individual expressions but as part of a broader system. Using this perspective, the current study delves into the famous ode Lāmiyyat al-‘Ajam by Ṭughrā’ī, applying Roman Jakobson’s theory of literariness. Jakobson’s framework emphasizes the distinctive use of language in poetry, differentiating it from ordinary speech through the deliberate deployment of various linguistic devices that enhance aesthetic and semantic impact.This research conducts a comprehensive analysis of Lāmiyyat al-‘Ajam, exploring its linguistic, literary, and intellectual dimensions. The study aims to uncover the intricate relationship between these elements, demonstrating how they converge to create meaning within the poem. By utilizing descriptive analysis and statistical charts, the study provides a thorough breakdown of the poem’s structural components, such as its meter, rhythm, and phonetic patterns.The research highlights how the ode’s meter and rhythm harmonize with its themes, contributing to the overall emotional and conceptual resonance of the work. Although alliteration and assonance are not overwhelmingly present, they manifest subtly, contributing to the poem’s sound patterns through partial phonetic repetitions. Defamiliarization techniques, such as grammatical deviation, further emphasize the poetic nature of the text. Metaphor, identified as the most prevalent rhetorical device, reflects Ṭughrā’ī’s rich imagination and capacity for mental imagery, offering insights into his inner world. The poem’s linguistic and literary structure ultimately serves as a vessel for the poet’s thoughts and emotions, bringing depth and nuance to his intellectual reflections. Given its fame and literary significance, an in-depth structuralist analysis of Lāmiyyat al-‘Ajam enriches the understanding of its artistic and intellectual contributions.
research article
Zahra Hadavi; hosein imanian; Roohollah Sayyadi
Abstract
Travel literature and travelogues are sources of much unknown knowledge about the world of the past for contemporary humans. Reading them can help us better understand the thought processes, ways of conversing, rituals, and beliefs of people from different countries. The writing of these geographical ...
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Travel literature and travelogues are sources of much unknown knowledge about the world of the past for contemporary humans. Reading them can help us better understand the thought processes, ways of conversing, rituals, and beliefs of people from different countries. The writing of these geographical books about humans began in the third century and reached its peak in the fourth century. One of the topics that is sometimes mentioned a lot but is often sidelined is linguistics. Geographical linguistics is one of the newer branches of linguistics that seeks to study these works of literature in order to present a picture of the diverse linguistic and dialectical types of different regions for the readers of these works. This study attempts to extract linguistic elements from these travelogues written in Arabic (from the third to the eighth century) and analyze the linguistic data within them to reveal their cultural, political, and even economic significance for contemporary researchers. Travelogues are an incredible and reliable source for demonstrating the influence of different groups or governments, especially during the era of Islam, on various lands and regions in terms of language, religion, and politics, since there are very few writings on interlanguage links in the lands that were conquered after the emergence of Islam. This fact further establishes the significance of this study. The study aims to analyze the history of linguistic elements and interlanguage links reflected in the travelogues from the third to the ninth Eighth AH. The results reveal that multilingualism, dialectical features of each region, geographical diversity of accents and languages, comparisons of word structures, subjective devaluation of certain accents, and explanations for the names of people and places are the most important linguistic elements reflected in the travelogues. Each of the aforementioned elements reveals certain social, religious, historical, and political....
research article
Abdolvahid Navidi
Abstract
Critical studies have occupied a central position in the analysis of poetic and prose texts; one of the most important contemporary critical studies is text linguistics, which is a basic introduction to the study of discourse coherence. This theory predicts the extent of discourse effectiveness and text ...
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Critical studies have occupied a central position in the analysis of poetic and prose texts; one of the most important contemporary critical studies is text linguistics, which is a basic introduction to the study of discourse coherence. This theory predicts the extent of discourse effectiveness and text dynamism, and contributes to constructing the world of discourse. Based on this, our research aims to identify the aspects of the text fabric and the vision of discourse in one of Al-Mutanabbi's poems in praise of Saif Al-Dawla, study the formal links in it, and analyze grammatical coherence as a formal link by which texts are related and acquire their textuality, using the descriptive analytical approach, relying on the theory of textual coherence, believing in the necessity of activating this theory to study and evaluate the poetic achievement, and presenting a new reading. One of the most important findings of the article is that the referential element has a remarkable presence in the poem. It was used to a greater extent than other elements. The most frequently used references in the poem are Al-Mamdouh and Al-Mutanabbi, which is in line with the theme of praise. There is also a diversity in the use of pronouns between the continuous, the separate, and the hidden, which led to breaking the monotony and boringness of the text. The references, connectives, and comparison tools contribute to the continuity of the poem, but they do not constitute a strong consistency tool compared to the number of pronouns used. The element of deletion constitutes a prominent stylistic phenomenon in his poem for the sake of brevity, linguistic economy, keeping his text away from excess filler, and involving the recipient in detecting the deleted words.
research article
abdulaziz hamadi; Naser Zare; Rasoul Balavi
Abstract
Poetic-beginning is a starting point for entering the text. It is one of the most important elements of poem and also the cornerstone for forming the structure of poem. From the beginning of the literary era, preludes were important to Arab poets in the ignorant period. Their poetry's preludes were based ...
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Poetic-beginning is a starting point for entering the text. It is one of the most important elements of poem and also the cornerstone for forming the structure of poem. From the beginning of the literary era, preludes were important to Arab poets in the ignorant period. Their poetry's preludes were based on standing on ruins and lyrics. Also, preludes and lyrics became known in the Abbasid era. So the beginnings of the contemporary period have changed according to the poets' ideas in various ways, the beginning of the four seasons of the year in contemporary Arabic poetry is therefore an obvious phenomenon. Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb is a poet who is influenced by the nature of his surroundings. He was inspired by palm trees, rivers, springs, plains and gardens and the four seasons and he expresses them indefinitely in his poetry. The poet has a season that begins with his spirit in keeping with his spirit. The present study aims to see that the poet began each of his stories with a chapter of the seasons or with an element of its elements.This study is based on descriptive-analytical method and through this research we will study the poetic-beginning in al-Sayyāb's poems in the collection of Poems “Flowers and Myths”, and what the poet intended to create a poetic-beginning in his poems and finally what is related to the poet's moods. One of the most important results in this study is that the most of the motifs of the "Flowers and Myths" begin with direct or indirect seasonal preludes and are fully contextualized with contextual implications. It is found that the seasons are appropriate to both natural and spiritual implications.
research article
zeinab salehi; shossein seyedi
Abstract
From the distant past, literature has always played the role of a full-view mirror of human society, and literature and society have lived in a two-way confrontation and interaction with each other and had influences. Therefore, the concepts, meanings and sometimes the structure of a literary work have ...
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From the distant past, literature has always played the role of a full-view mirror of human society, and literature and society have lived in a two-way confrontation and interaction with each other and had influences. Therefore, the concepts, meanings and sometimes the structure of a literary work have changed and metamorphosed in parallel with the developments of the society, which can be well observed by reviewing the literary works in different periods. As the analysis and investigation of Abdurrahman Yusuf's critical and protesting view of her society supports this point of view. In the upcoming essay, the content of Abdul Rahman Yusuf's poems and poetic works and her relationship with her contemporary world will be examined and instead of the purely descriptive method, the influence of the content of his compositions on the surrounding environment is discussed. The results of this research are as follows:The poet is influenced by the social conditions of his society and his awake and painful conscience and without using fancy words, wordplay and poetic artifices to criticize issues such as poverty, class conflict, massacre of innocent people, looting of national capitals. , corruption in Egyptian society, Egyptian law, torture and imprisonment of innocent people, sectarianism and divisiveness,Foreign interference in Egyptian affairs , etc. And sometimes the peak of her pain and suffering can be clearly seen in the ultimate mockery and mockery of her words, so that even the highest person in the government system was not safe from her sharp and stinging language.
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